Commercial landlord and tenant law 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business proprietor and inhabitant law 2 - Essay Example In the occasion where the proprietor means to repossess the reason for individual use for different reasons, the Act gives the procedures the landowner ought to follow without bringing about an obligation for penetrate of the rent contract (Bright, 2007. P. 186). The real technique for carrying occupancy to end relies upon the terms under which the agreement was shaped. Furthermore, the procedure will be affected by the way in which the two gatherings have clung to the particulars of the agreement just as the use of right procedure for closure the occupancy in understanding to the Act. Unit 1 For the situation of unit 1, the rent contract was started on September of the year 2000, and the rent time frame was fifteen years. The agreement was finished under Full Repairs and Insurance (FRI) rent in understanding to the proprietor and inhabitant Act of 2000. In any case, during the rent time frame the occupant revamped the reason by building an expansion and introducing climate control s ystem at an estimation of ?125,000 in the year 2004. This came about to an energy about the rental estimation of reason to around ?14,500. In this circumstance, the occupier is entitled for remuneration from the proprietor for the cost the person in question has brought about in including estimation of the structure (McQueen, 2010. P. 43). As indicated by this Act, the inhabitant is qualified for get remuneration in view of improving the status of the structure over the state it was in before the inhabitance (Bright, 2007. P. 195). Since the inhabitant involved the structure in the year September 2000, the time of inhabitance is beneath fourteen years. The occupant has left twenty months before the expiry of the rent time frame. The Act requires remuneration at an estimation of rate-capable estimation of the reason in case of end in line with the landowner. In the event that the landowner prevails with regards to ending the rent contract for unit 1, the occupier should be remunerate d on the ground that the proprietor needs the structure for other use as opposed to break of understanding by the occupier (Linda, 2013. P. 17). The landowner has various intends to investigate in clearing unit 1 for another occupant. Right off the bat, the landowner can give the inhabitant with a six months notice under area 25 of the Act. In this notification, the proprietor ought to demonstrate the purposes behind refusal of another occupancy taking into contemplations the prerequisites of segment 30 of the Act (Portman, and Marcia, 2012. p.79). In this circumstance either the proprietor or the inhabitant will appeal to the courtroom to legitimize the landlord’s utilization of dismissing new tenure under segment 30 of the Act. The case should be controlled by the court and choose whether the occupier will clear the reason to keep living in it (Jeffrey, 2003. P. 43). On the off chance that the landowner prevails in this application, the occupant should abandon the structure upon the finish of the rent time frame that will lapse in twenty months time from now. Another alternative accessible for the landowner to clear unit 1 structure for another customer is through shared concurrence with the present occupier. This is the best choice since it won't require dull methodology, yet rather the landowner may ask from the customer with respect to whether they will restore the agreement or whether to finish the tenure (Bright, 2007. p. 256). This is alluded to as common understanding since the two gatherings must assent on the move to be made. The Act concedes the inhabitants right of residency that permits occupants to proceed

Stopping the Repetition of the Past Musings of Antebellum America Free Essays

Halting the Repetition of the Past: Musings of Antebellum America Author Henry James has said that â€Å"it takes a lot of history to create a little writing. † For more than one hundred years bondage had disabled the African American individuals and helped the white man; in any case, when the Emancipation Proclamation was placed into impact it would turn into a moderate impetus of progress that would assume control longer than a century for the Civil Rights Movement to be at its zenith. Racial cutoff points would be pushed, enduring strain would emerge. We will compose a custom paper test on Halting the Repetition of the Past: Musings of Antebellum America or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now An incredible American epic of this time should delineate the flawed change in racial socioeconomics of the United States. Set before African American opportunity, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, composed by Mark Twain has been relentlessly adulated by creators and pundits of all levels for pushing limits. It should be set â€Å"in the setting first of other American books and afterward of world literature† (Smiley 1). Much like the American method of deserting the old nation and moving to the United States, the novel’s loveable, youthful nation kid of a storyteller, Huckleberry Finn, pulls in perusers of assorted types and feels the forlornness of being on his own going in the south, put something aside for his runaway slave companion Jim. Along their undertakings here and there the Mississippi River to free Jim, the peruser follows Huck’s moral turn of events, which is developed during various scenes in the story, at the end of the day fixed at long last. Despite the fact that the â€Å"roundabout† idea of the finish of the novel and Huck’s moral relapse has rendered dislike, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn merits its place in the scholarly group of American writing for its variable structure, well-meaning storyteller, and impressions of Antebellum America. Fundamentally, the completion of Huckleberry Finn is its entanglement. Hemingway guarantees that in the event that you read the novel, that â€Å"you must stop when Nigger Jim is taken from the young men. That is the genuine end. † One must go to where Huck tells Tom of taking Jim out of servitude, where it is obvious that Tom retains the information that he realizes that Jim has just been liberated. â€Å"What! Why Jim is †† he starts to state, yet then quits talking before he uncovers the realities (Twain 235). Tom Sawyer is â€Å"too whimsical, too extravagant,† clarifying that he is at last the ending’s disadvantage (Marx 10). Unmistakably Tom Sawyer has started arranging his â€Å"adventure† very quickly in the wake of discovering Jim was caught, and he exploits his â€Å"best friend† Huck. As indicated by James Pearl â€Å"the long and drawn out stunt that Tom Sawyer plays on Jim makes the peruser question if any genuine advancement has taken place† (2). In the wake of everything Huck accomplishes for Jim and the careful conclusions he shapes, Tom returns into the image and pulls him back to his silly trickeries. Huck permits his â€Å"so called friend† to assume responsibility for him, and the â€Å"follower† in him returns out. He lets Tom manager him around and does all that he can to satisfy him: â€Å"‘Oh, shucks, Huck Finn, in the event that I was as oblivious as you I’d keep still †that’s what I’d do’† (Twain 248). Tom goes about as another dad figure to Huck: an extra lousy, domineering jerk like character. The normal development of Huck and Jim’s fellowship, the â€Å"pursuit of opportunity and Huck’s steady acknowledgment of the slave’s compassion †[are] rendered pointless by the passageway of Tom Sawyer and his plots to ‘free Jim’† (Peaches 15). Not exclusively is Tom Sawyer ridiculous, yet he is likewise charming and a characteristic chief, lamentably for this situation. From the outset, Huck questions Tom’s method of doing things â€Å"‘Confound it, it’s silly, Tom,’† yet later he becomes â€Å"Tom’s vulnerable accessory, accommodating and gullible† (Twain 250, Marx 12). Indeed, even Jim, â€Å"he couldn’t see no sense in its a large portion, yet he permitted we was white people and knowed better than him† (Twain 256). â€Å"Huck is the aloof observer,† who doesn't mention to Tom what he is arranging isn't right, and Jim is â€Å"the agreeable victim of them, who doesn't retaliate (Eliot 3). Tom adds unneeded unsettling to an elegantly composed, generally reflecting novel. At the end when Tom awakens, he is inquired as to why he would need to liberate a liberated slave and reacts â€Å"‘Why, I needed its experience; and I’d ‘a’ swam neck-somewhere down in blood to-goodness alive,’† carrying on as a youthful demon (Twain 292). After all that Tom and Huck put Jim through, a response from Jim and a merited upheaval from Huck are normal; be that as it may, the genuine reaction is an incredible direct opposite of what is normal. Huck despite everything worships the hazard, accepting that â€Å"Tom Sawyer had done and took all that inconvenience and trouble to set a free nigger free† (292). Jim doesn't address Tom’s intentions. When liberated, Jim gets forty dollars from Tom, and the recently liberated man guarantees in fervor â€Å"‘Dah, how, Huck, what I disclose to you†¦I tole you I ben rich wunst, en gwineter be rich ag’in, en it’s come true’† (294). While a large portion of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn isn't persuading, the completion outperforms the domain of implausibility into strangeness. Leo Marx pronounces â€Å"the most evident thing amiss with the consummation, at that point, is the shaky invention by which Clemens liberates Jim,† which goes to state that in spite of the fact that the completion is silly, it is very disturbing (9). This epic is a â€Å"masterpiece in light of the fact that it carries Western funniness to flawlessness but rises above the restricted furthest reaches of it shows. Be that as it may, the closure does not† (Marx 11). Regardless of how mixing the finish of the book is, there is as yet a canny fragment. During the â€Å"attempted† liberating of Jim, â€Å"Each shackle, chain, and distress applied by the young men to Jim makes Twain’s point that liberating a ‘free’ dark man in the postbellum is extended and difficult† (Godden, Mccay 11). Considerably after the Civil War closes and the Emancipation Proclamation is still set up, the genuine â€Å"freedom† of African American people isn't in achieved. These abused individuals despite everything live under the rule of a battling, racially suppressive country. A century after this period â€Å"freedom† is battled for once more, yet won step by step. Exactly when the peruser accepts that some expectation has emerged, Huck lights out for the domain simply like he lights out from each other circumstance. Auntie Sally is â€Å"going to receive [him] and sivilize [him] and [he] can’t stand it,† and that’s the end (Twain 296). No more to leave the peruser contemplating how the storyteller has grown tremendously or how much battle he has experienced, James Pearl needs to â€Å"ask whether Huckleberry Finn goes in a line, or a circle† (1). Nearly when the peruser opens the novel, which Hemingway has noticed that â€Å"There was nothing before†¦There has been no good thing since,† an informative composed by Mark Twain is seen. It is composed that â€Å"In this book various tongues are utilized, indeed: the Missouri negro vernacular; the extremest type of the woodlands South-Western dialect,† just as the utilization of a lot more discourse designs that have â€Å"not been done in a hap-peril style, or by mystery: however torments takingly, and with the reliable direction and backing of individual familiarity† (Twain Explanatory). Directly off the bat Twain sets up good ethos or validity, which lays the system of language in the novel. As its characters talk all through the book, it is anything but difficult to separate between the fluctuating lingos that are utilized. Jim is a prime case of Twain’s â€Å"pains-takingly† composed tongue, â€Å"I fold out en shin down de slope en ’spec to take a skift ’long de sho’ some’ers ’bove de town, however dey wuz individuals a-stirren’ yit, so I hid†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (55). To the cutting edge peruser this is troublesome language to get adroit to perusing, yet it is quote simple to see that it is dazzlingly composed. â€Å"Twain makes the impression of the American people culture through his utilization of vernacular and phonetic spelling, which mirrors discourse, instead of writing† (Pearl 1). Despite the fact that a significant number of the experiences are unrealistic, the validity of the characters in them are made all the more persuading by imitating this â€Å"native tongue† The utilization of the word â€Å"nigger† in the novel makes a feeling of rage in endless Americans. Henry Peaches specifies Fiedler while expressing that the racial-slur â€Å"has the loathsome differentiation of meaning all ‘the disgrace, the dissatisfaction, the fierceness, the fear’ that has been so much a piece of the historical backdrop of race relations in the United States† (Peaches 12). In any case, Peaches and Fiedler don't place into account the way of life in which Huckleberry was raised. Twain â€Å"uses language to demonstrate that entrance to culture and instruction characterizes character† (Pearl 1). Huck was brought up in the South during the 1800s, before the liberation of slaves, so normally he and numerous others in the novel would utilize the word without an idea in retrospect. The entirety of the negative racial suggestions utilized by Huck are not just the considerations of a little youngster, they are impressions of Twain. This is communicated during the King Solomon part, where Huck guarantees that Jim â€Å"had an exceptional level head, for a nigger† (Twain 86). As section fourteen unfurls

Wishing Well COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Wishing Well COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I am starting to prepare many of the resources that we will provide to applicants admitted to our program and a lot of what we provide is logically based upon common questions posed after offers are made.   Some questions raised are quite particular and will require personalized answers based upon certain circumstances, however other questions and topics are a bit more broad and there is no reason to wait to start your investigation to avoid consternation at a later time.   It can be frightening sometimes to get what you wish for, only to be unprepared to act on it. I was watching a news special recently and a part of the story reminded me of wishing wells.   I have always thought that the tradition of tossing coins into fountains, streams, ponds, water falls, or wells is a bit strange.   When I was a kid I remember coming across a fountain filled with coins.   I asked my mom something like, Why are people throwing money away? Shouldnt they save that money? She tried to explain that some people felt satisfaction in doing so because making a wish provided a bit of hope.   I think I was born with a cynic gene because I responded by saying something like, Well they must not have much hope because a penny is not worth that much. (the fountain was filled with pennies). The news story I saw that made me think of this was about students in South Korea leaving padlocks inscribed with their hopes and dreams locked on a lookout with a view over Seoul (story is here).   I also ran into a padlock tradition in Paris where lovers visit a bridge, secure the lock to a bridge, and then throw the key into the river to symbolism their unbreakable love.   It is interesting how sometimes we find comfort in symbolic actions. Any way, it is nice can be nice to have dreams and engage in symbolic acts, however I am big fan of preparation and action.   My hope is that you did not submit your application with the intent of just waiting for an answer to come wishing for a letter or email telling you what you want to hear.   When you get the news you should be prepared in some capacity.   I will do my part to help in the coming weeks.   I have a series of entries planned on the major categories of letters we send for example.   But there are also things you can already be doing.   Here are a few ideas and thoughts. You likely applied to more than one school.   So what happens if you are admitted to more than one program?   My recommendation would be to start a pro/con list.   Some of the categories will need to be filled in at a later time (i.e. scholarship offers if applicable) but there are other categories that you can start on now.   Geography, faculty, curriculum, and housing are just a few of the things that you can start to consider. You will likely only go to graduate school once so you want to make the right decision.   Sometimes it pays to pay more or at least to sacrifice.   On somewhat of a tangent, before moving to New York City I owned a home.   I had lots of space, a front porch, a back deck where I could BBQ in the rain, two bathrooms, three bedrooms, a refrigerator with water and ice in the door, a garbage disposal, dishwasher, and a clothing washer and dryer my little slice of the American Dream. I knew that if I made the choice to move to New York City I would have none of these things.   I would be moving into a small apartment that I did not own and would not build equity in with none of the aforementioned amenities, but I still sold my house and moved.     It does not seem logical on a spreadsheet, but I also knew that New York was unlike any place I had ever lived and there is no way I was going to pass on the opportunity.   I had done a lot of thinking about life and decided that trading a suburban life for a city life was a choice I was willing and ready to make and boy am I glad I did.   It was something I had thought about for a while and my mental preparation made the decision easier. Maybe the school you really want to go to will not offer you as much money, but you still really want to go there.   Maybe it is worth it, maybe it is not.   However starting to think about it now is certainly a wise investment.   You might be moving to an entirely new place and it is not a bad idea to start cruising rental or housing sites.   As I wrote in a previous post, you should also definitely not just wish that scholarship aid is going to cover your expenses.   Rather than wishing for aid I would definitely recommend setting aside time to investigate possible options. So, my wish for you is that you spend time contemplating, researching, thinking, and talking to people you know and who can act as a sounding board.     As for me, I do have one wish I wish I had more hours in the day to read applications if I could just padlock my calendar and keep it from moving forward I would be in good shape.   Since this wish will not happen I guess I should stop writing and get back to reading.

Microeconomics Versus Macroeconomics

Microeconomics and macroeconomics are two of the largest subdivisions of the study of economics wherein micro- refers to the observation of small economic units like the effects of government regulations on individual markets and consumer decision making and macro- refers to the big picture version of economics like how interest rates are determines and why some countries economies grow faster than others. According to comedian P.J. O’Rourke, â€Å"microeconomics concerns things that economists are specifically wrong about, while macroeconomics concerns things economists are wrong about generally. Or to be more technical, microeconomics is about the money you don’t have, and macroeconomics is about money the government is out of.† Although this humorous observation pokes fun at economists, the description is accurate. However, a closer observation of both fields of economic discourse will provide a better understanding of the basics of economic theory and study. Microeconomics: Individual Markets Those who have studied Latin know that the prefix â€Å"micro-â€Å" means â€Å"small,† so it shouldn’t be surprising that microeconomics is the study of small economic units. The field of microeconomics is concerned with things like consumer decision making and utility maximizationfirm production and profit maximizationindividual market equilibriumeffects of government regulation on individual marketsexternalities and other market side effects Put another way, microeconomics concerns itself with the behavior of individual markets, such as the markets for oranges, the market for cable television, or the market for skilled workers as opposed to the overall markets for produce, electronics, or the entire workforce. Microeconomics is essential for local governance, business and personal financing, specific stock investment research, and individual market predictions for venture capitalistic endeavors. Macroeconomics: The Big Picture Macroeconomics, on the other hand, can be thought of as the â€Å"big picture† version of economics. Rather than analyzing individual markets, macroeconomics focuses on aggregate production and consumption in an economy, the overall statistics that macroeconomists miss. Some topics that macroeconomists study include effects of general taxes such as income and sales taxes on output and pricescauses of economic upswings and downturnseffects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic healtheffects of and process for determining  interest ratescauses for some economies growing faster than other economies To study economics at this level, researchers must be able to combine different goods and services produced in a way that reflects their relative contributions to aggregate output. This is generally done using the concept of the  gross domestic product  (GDP), and goods and services get weighted by their market prices. The Relationship Between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics There is an obvious relationship between microeconomics and macroeconomics in that aggregate production and consumption levels are the result of choices made by individual households and firms, and some macroeconomic models explicitly make this connection by incorporating microfoundations. Most of the economic topics covered on television and in newspapers are of the macroeconomic variety, but it’s important to remember that economics is about more than just trying to figure out when the economy is going to improve and what the Fed is doing with interest rates, its also about observing local economies and specific markets for goods and services. Although many economists specialize in one field or the other, no matter which study one pursues, the other will have to be utilized in order to understand the implications of certain trends and conditions on both the micro and macro economic levels.

Driving On An Open Road - 916 Words

There is something extraordinary about driving on an open road. While listening to your favorite song and watching the scenery change, voyaging into a new adventure. These are my favorite things about traveling; enjoying the journey, not just the destination. Growing up, my family did little traveling. As for our travels comprised of short road trips, lots of laughter, fun and adventure. We were not a privileged family, on the contrary, we were quite the opposite. Although we lacked in the financial department, I do not recall feeling like we did, on account of how much love exists in our family. As I grew older, I took notice of where my friends would spend their summer and winter vacations. On family vacations or exciting excursions. While my vacations were to be spent home. During these days I dreamed of where I would travel to if I had the money. Fast forward to the first time I planned a road trip one summer. Because of seeing pictures of a place called Horseshoe Bend. A remarkable destination, only a few hours from here. For that reason, I grew determined to visit Horseshoe, so, I prepared my journey. While preparing, I had numerous questions: Where do I start? How do I get there? Where do I stay? How long will my visit be? After I began scheduling the dates for my visit, the search for car rentals commenced. As a result, I booked a three-day rental for†¦wait for it†¦you will not believe me†¦twenty-four dollars! I thought I hit the jackpot! This had me thinking, ’howShow MoreRelatedDriving On An Open Road996 Words   |  4 PagesThere’s something incredible about driving on an open road and watching the scenery change while listening to your favorite song or boarding an airplane and getting that sinking feeling in your stomach while taking off, flying into a new adventure. These are some of my favorite things about traveling; enjoying the journey not just the destination. Growing up my family didn’t do much traveling. Our travels consisted of short road trips, lots of laughter, fun and adventure. We weren’t a privilegedRead MoreThe Dangers Of Texting While Driving1561 Words   |  7 Pageswhich this powerful object can be dangerous. Texting while driving is one danger many do not realize until something drastic happens. Texting while driving is not only a threat to us, but as well as other drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. However, with the lack of enforcement on the laws and punishments, the use of cell phones while driving does not come as a threat to drivers, which needs to change. Using a cell phone while driving causes an overwhelming amount of accidents, injuries, and deathsRead MoreThe Concept Of Autonomous Vehicles Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesautonomous, or self-driving, vehicles dates back nearly a century. It was first introduced in the 1930s when it graced the pages of science fiction and has continued to be a hot topic ever since (Weber, 2014). Autonomous vehicles, or AVs, are â€Å"those in which operation of the vehicle occurs without direct driver input to control the steering, acceleration, and braking and are designed so that the driver is not expected to constantly monitor the roadway while operating in self-driving mode† (NHTSA, 2013)Read MorePersuassive Essay on Texting and Driving994 Words   |  4 Pagesblamed on distracted driving and most of the distractions are caused by cell phone usage.† Many drivers today have such busy lives and never have time to get the things they need to do complete in one day’s time. This leaves them to get things done while on the road. Checking emails is a top priority for Americans and since many have Smartphone’s, they will do it on the road as well as send text messages. There are many laws being established to try to prevent distracted driving from happening, althoughRead MoreThe Feeling Of Exasperation While Waiting On Traffic Is A Sensation Known By Many Drivers Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesthose people could have been more cautious on the road, the whole situation could have been avoided Not only would they have been spared from dealing with such an awful situation, but the people caught in the aftermath in the form of traffic would have been spared also. Now imagine a vehicle that could have prevented the situation described above. A car that could solve the problems of automobile accidents, traffic, and the time lost when driving. An automobile with the ability to operate withoutRead MoreTexting While Driving Is A Problem904 Words   |  4 Pagesmessaging while driving has a severe the negative effect on drivers ability to maintain a central lane position, or more serious those cause can death on the road. Texting while driving can be compared to driving while being drunk. The author asserts that 30.2 million persons aged 21 years or older had driven under the influence of alcohol at least once during the past year. (Dubois, et al). As a result, many accidents have taken place by the most of teenagers and adults people who are driving while beingRead MoreTexting While Driving Argumentative Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Many accidents are blamed on distracted driving and most of the distractions are caused by cell phone usage. However, some opponents feel that creating a law against cell phone use infringes their personal rights. Others think that banning someone from using their cell phones is equivalent to telling someone that they cant adjust their radio or chat with someone else in their car. However, using a cell phone, whether talking or texting, while driving can be extremely dangerous; it should be madeRead MoreDriving While Texting : Distracted Driving992 Words   |  4 PagesDuring 2012-2015, more than 13,000 traffic deaths nationwide were due to distracted driving. It is believed that distracted drivers are 23 times more likely to get into a traffic accident as compared to those who are completely focused on the road. The Ohio State Highway Patrol reports that there were 302,307 motor vehicle crashes in Ohio in 2015. These crashes resulted in 1,110 fatalities. 22 of these fatalities were attributed to drivers who were distracted by their phones, texting, emailing orRead MoreCar Accident Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagescar accident . I didn’t.† In these days a lot of drivers record or photograph how they are speeding up in the streets while driving just for impressing people in social media . People don’t realize that doing those minor things causes severe pains or even death . people are on their phones, sending text messages , driving drank and most of them are having fatigue from driving for long hours or overly stressed after having a though working day, but after having a car accident who is the one to blameRead MoreEssay on Self Driving Automobiles. Is it reality?1040 Words   |  5 Pagesriding in your driverless car heading to the moutains for a weekend away. This is t he future of the automobile in the 21st century and this technology driven by artificial intelleigence is just around the corner. Don’t freak out if driving in Nevada, and you see a car driving by iteself, the state issued the first licence for a self driven car. The vehicle is identified by a red licence plate along with an infinity symbol. Other states including Florida and California have also passed laws to run the

Fin 486 Final Exam Free Essays

Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The primary emphasis of the financial manager is the use of A) cash flow. We will write a custom essay sample on Fin 486 Final Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now B) profit incentives. C) organization charts. D) accrued earnings. 1) _______ 2) All of the following are key strengths of a corporation EXCEPT A) low organization costs. B) readily transferable ownership. C) limited liability. D) access to capital markets. 2) _______ 3) The ________ is a measure of liquidity which excludes ________, generally the least liquid asset. A) quick ratio; accounts receivable B) current ratio; accounts receivable C) current ratio; inventory D) quick ratio; inventory 3) _______ 4) FASB Standard No. 52 mandates that U.S. based companies must translate their foreign-currency-denominated assets and liabilities into dollars using the A) average rate. B) historical rate. C) current rate. D) none of the above. 4) _______ Table 3.5 A financial manager at General Talc Mines has gathered the financial data essential to prepare a pro forma balance sheet for cash and profit planning purposes for the coming year ended December 31, 2004. Using the percent-of-sales method and the following financial data, prepare the pro forma balance sheet in order to answer the following multiple choice questions. (a) The firm estimates sales of $1,000,000. (b) The firm maintains a cash balance of $25,000. (c) Accounts receivable represents 15 percent of sales. (d) Inventory represents 35 percent of sales. (e) A new piece of mining equipment costing $150,000 will be purchased in 2004. Total depreciation for 2004 will be $75,000. (f) Accounts payable represents 10 percent of sales. (g) There will be no change in notes payable, accruals, and common stock. (h) The firm plans to retire a long term note of $100,000. (i) Dividends of $45,000 will be paid in 2004. (j) The firm predicts a 4 percent net profit margin. Balance Sheet General Talc Mines December 31, 2003 5) The pro forma total liabilities amount is (See Table 3.5) A) $650,000. B) $700,000. C) $500,000. 5) _______ D) $550,000. 6) If a United States Savings bond can be purchased for $29.50 and has a maturity value at the end of 25 years of $100, what is the annual rate of return on the bond? A) 6 percent B) 5 percent C) 7 percent D) 8 percent 6) _______ 7) If a person’s required return decreases for an increase in risk, that person is said to be A) risk-indifferent. B) risk-seeking. C) risk-averse. D) risk-aware. 7) _______ Table 8.5 Cuda Marine Engines, Inc. must develop the relevant cash flows for a replacement capital investment proposal. The proposed asset costs $50,000 and has installation costs of $3,000. The asset will be depreciated using a five-year recovery schedule. The existing equipment, which originally cost $25,000 and will be sold for $10,000, has been depreciated using an MACRS five-year recovery schedule and three years of depreciation has already been taken. The new equipment is expected to result in incremental before-tax net profits of $15,000 per year. The firm has a 40 percent tax rate. 8) The initial outlay equals ________. (See Table 8.5) A) $44,100 B) $41,100 8) _______ C) $38,800 D) $38,960 Table 9.6 Nuff Folding Box Company, Inc. is considering purchasing a new gluing machine. The gluing machine costs $50,000 and requires installation costs of $2,500. This outlay would be partially offset by the sale of an existing gluer. The existing gluer originally cost $10,000 and is four years old. It is being depreciated under MACRS using a five-year recovery schedule and can currently be sold for $15,000. The existing gluer has a remaining useful life of five years. If held until year 5, the existing machine’s market value would be zero. Over its five-year life, the new machine should reduce operating costs (excluding depreciation) by $17,000 per year. Training costs of employees who will operate the new machine will be a one-time cost of $5,000 which should be included in the initial outlay. The new machine will be depreciated under MACRS using a five-year recovery period. The firm has a 12 percent cost of capital and a 40 percent tax on ordinary income and capital gains. 9) The payback period for the project is (See Table 9.6) A) between 4 and 5 years. B) 2 years. C) 3 years. D) between 3 and 4 years. 9) _______ Table 10.1 A corporation is assessing the risk of two capital budgeting proposals. The financial analysts have developed pessimistic, most likely, and optimistic estimates of the annual cash inflows which are given in the following table. The firm’s cost of capital is 10 percent. 10) If the projects have five-year lives, the range of the net present value for Project B is approximately ________. (See Table 10.1.) A) $201,000. B) $255,410. C) $303,280. D) $80,560. 10) ______ 11) The ________ is the firm’s desired optimal mix of debt and equity financing. A) target capital structure B) book value C) cost of capital D) market value 11) ______ Table 14.5 Caren’s Canoes is considering relaxing its credit standards to encourage more sales. As a result, sales are expected to increase 15 percent from 300 canoes per year to 345 canoes per year. The average collection period is expected to increase to 40 days from 30 days and bad debts are expected to double the current 1 percent level. The price per canoe is $850, the variable cost per canoe is $650 and the average cost per unit at the 300 unit level is $700. The firm’s required return on investment is 20 percent. 12) What is the cost of marginal bad debts under the proposed plan? (See Table 14.5) A) $765 B) $5,100 C) $383 D) $3,315 12) ______ 13) Much of the commercial paper is issued by A) venture capitalists. C) small businesses. 13) ______ B) commercial finance companies. D) small manufacturing firms. 14) The part of finance concerned with design and delivery of advice and financial products to individuals, business, and government is called A) Financial Manager. B) Financial Services. C) Managerial Finance. D) none of the above. Table 2.1 14) ______ Information (2005 values) 1. Sales totaled $110,000 2. The gross profit margin was 25 percent. 3. Inventory turnover was 3.0. 4. There are 360 days in the year. 5. The average collection period was 65 days. 6. The current ratio was 2.40. 7. The total asset turnover was 1.13. 8. The debt ratio was 53.8 percent. 15) Inventory for CEE in 2005 was ________. (See Table 2.1) A) $32,448 B) $ 9,167 C) $36,667 How to cite Fin 486 Final Exam, Essay examples

Term Culture an Example of the Topic Arts Essays by

Term Culture Culture is part of a set of ideas that defines society. The current state of affairs puts premium on what is visual. The popularity of television, internet, and billboards utilizes the appeal of images to transmit messages. In studying visual culture, it would be difficult to separate it from the dilemma of what is real and what is not, especially in this period, which scholars and even ordinary observers refer to as postmodernity. Need essay sample on "Term "Culture"" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed What is postmodernity, and what does it have to do with culture? Postmodernity poses the assumption that a view is not more or less valid than another view. Characterized by exhaustion, pessimism and irrationality (Ward, 2003, p. 9), a postmodern society defies the existence of any universal truth, and to some extent, seeks to establish the extinction of 'what is real'. Let me first discuss the three prevalent ways of using the term 'culture' according to Downing (2003). The first way associates culture with arts, thus using the term 'high culture'. A 'cultured person' is someone who is well aware of specific arts of ballet, opera, theatre, sculpture, or paintings among others, that they enjoy themselves with these. The second way by social scientists offers a broader concept of culture. They perceive culture as everything we do in our lives from what we eat for breakfast to how we perceive death, or from why we surf the net, to where we invest our money. Lastly, national and ethnic definitions of culture tend to generalize the qualities of a nation or people, as in American culture, Asian culture, or French-Canadian culture. The first and second way, narrow and broad, respectively, share a common feature of focusing on products such as arts, and activities. The third way by contrast, refers to ways of understanding the world, or perspectives on the meaning of life. For example, conservative Asian nations value female virginity as a gift of complete faithfulness towards a husband, while most Western nations value individual control of one's sexual actions. Until now, there is no single, agreed-upon definition of what culture is. The reason lies on the interconnectedness of societal aspects. Culture is an effect and affects the underlying set of ideas prevailing in a society. One way of understanding culture as an interactive, changing process, is through the study of signs, known as semiology or semiotics. Originally, Semiotics examined patterns of communication rather than specific content or messages, much in the same way a specialist in linguistics might study the grammar and structure of languages without focusing on the meaning of a given sentence or word. For example, Russian writer Vladimir Propp argues that thousands of folktales and fairy tales can be reduced to a few basic storylines. Apart from being intriguing, Propp work is important because it suggests that what is communicated in a folktaleand currently in soap operais not just the specific details of the content. Then, the form and the underlying structure cultural prod ucts also appeals to the audience. The founders of semiology thought they were mapping the inherent structures of the human mind, and unearthing human fundamentals of what are good and bad. Nowadays, however, today, it is only used as a tool of analysis that must be supplemented by historical and political researches. Most analysts now agree that signs should be properly put into context. For example, the identification of American Negroes as villains in old movies rests upon a particular value system, namely white racism. But is the value of semiotics overestimated, or the times simply have changed? This question leads us back to postmodernism. Some of our postmodern forerunners spoke about society entering a new phase. They claimed that we were in a historical period with unique features that distinguished it from any other time in history. The word 'postmodernism' itself suggests that it comes after 'modern' times, or what they tagged as Modern Age. The exact character of this age, as well as the precise dates of its beginning and end, has been described in different ways by historians, but it is of ten associated with faith in progress, optimism, rationality, the search for absolute knowledge in science, technology, society, and politics, and the idea that gaining knowledge of the 'true self' was the only foundation for all other knowledge (Ward, 2003, p. 9). Modernity is also known as the Age of Reason (or Enlightenment). As modernity intensifies, overlapping developments created new perspectives to the point of diversification of ideals. In this time of globalization, the characteristics of modernity had declined, but it could also be said that postmodernism is the latest point of progress. Postmodernism celebrates the erosion of conventional distinctions between high and low culture; fascination with how our lives seem increasingly dominated by visual media; a questioning of ideas about meaning and communication, and about how signs refer to the world; a sense that definitions of human identity are changing, or ought to change; and skepticism about the stories we tell to explain 'the human race', and about the idea of progress. Let me illustrate how postmodernism came to be an erosion of conventional distinctions between high and low culture, and a fascination of visual media. During the early stages of modernity, the rapid spread of industrialization was pushing and pulling farmers off the land into factories in bigger cities, and in the process uprooting many traditional ways of life. Conservative-minded observers feared that the old order was in terminal decay, an order they often viewed through very rosy spectacles, where (as they saw it) the well-bred aristocrats ran everything for everyone else's benefit and the poorest pig herdsman was humbly grateful, along with his wife and children. In its place they saw the rise of a new class of factory worker, disconnected from the land and these traditional ties. They lamented the disappearance of the old culture, under threat of being trodden under foot by the new, truculent working class. They believed the arts would be destroyed by the extension of democracy to these lower ordersand thus was developed the notion of high culture in the arts. Social life gradually became faster and more complex than it was in modernity. More and more demands and roles are placed on each individual, not just familial relation. In opposition to high culture emerged a collection of identities to signify the cultural preferences of a more general public known as pop culture. Examples from the United States include musical forms such as jazz, soul, gospel, and blues, which represent the crucibles of American Negro experiences. Downing (2003) differentiates pop culture from mass culture. The latter consists of cultural expressions generated by big businesses simply and solely to advance the bottom line. The intimate connection between culture and power is never far beneath the surface. Take, for instance, the question of personal appearance and dress. During centuries of the Chinese Ming dynasty, the Manchu conquerors who created the dynasty forced all Chinese men to wear their hair in a pigtail as a cultural symbol of their conquered status. Or consider the demand of Muslim fundamentalists in some countries that women should wear veils, although the veil is found nowhere in the Koran, the holy book of Islam, and is not worn by Muslim women in a number of other countries. This seems a case of traditional masculine power over everyday culture and communication, controlling women and signifying their subordinate status. The effects of consumerism and technological innovations have implied that there are a variety of identities to choose and frame our lives with. In place of the earnest modernist search for the deep, authentic self, we have recognition, and sometimes a celebration, of disintegration, fragmented desires, superficiality, and identity as something to shop for. As a result, there is a struggle for cultural capital, a term coined by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1984). Upper-middle class professionals, use certain kinds of cultural awareness, and information both to maintain their socioeconomic status, and to pass it to their children. Parents endow through museum and cathedral visits, materials of literature and music, exposure to adult discussions of art and politics, and use of the latest gadgets. They hope that these investments will give their children the ability to land on executive careers through versatility and networking. These valued skills take a long time to develop, a nd possession of such cultures is an edge. Lower middle class and working classes may want to achieve cultural capital as well, but they will find it harder to achieve. They don't have the time and the resources. Some will blame themselves; others will simply dismiss these cultures as pretentious. Nevertheless, this is the essence of postmodernism. As Jean Baudrillard (1994) suggests, all representations has saturated reality to such an extent that we experience the world only through a filter of preconceptions and expectations fabricated in advance by a culture swamped by images. BIBLIOGRAPHY Downing, J. Mohammadi A. and Screberny-Mohammadi A, eds. (1995) Questioning the Media: A Critical Introduction. 2nd ed. CA, Sage. Ward, G. (2003) Teach Yourself Postmodernism. 2nd ed. London, Hodder and Stoughton. Bourdieu, P. (1984) Distinction: a Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. Baudrillard, J. (1994) Simulacra and Simulations. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.