Life Insurance Products Of Malaysia - 1315 Words

Life insurance products in Malaysia The life insurance industry in Malaysia can be divided to family takaful and conventional life insurance. Both family takaful and conventional life insurance are similar in providing protection against the loss of income that would result in the death of the insured. However, unlike the conventional life insurance in which the insured transfer the risk to the insurer, takaful mutual risk is shared among the participants. Another major difference between them is the ownership of the companies. A conventional life insurance company is owned by shareholders whose objective is to maximize profits while a takaful company is owned by the participants whose objective is to minimize the cost incurred. The total†¦show more content†¦The minimum paid-up share capital of an insurer is RM 100 million while the supervisory Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) for an insurer must be higher than 130%. CAR can be obtained by dividing the total capital available by the total capital required and ins urers must set their own CAR to reflect their own profile risks and have a CAR higher than the 130% required. Taxation Taxation is always one of the crucial factors in business. After being fixed at 25% for seven years, the standard corporate income tax in Malaysia is reduced to 24% from the year of assessment 2016. In comparison, the company tax rate in Australia is higher although it is scheduled to decrease to 25% for all companies in 2026-2027. Apart from that, although Goods and Service Tax (GST) at 6% is implemented from 1st April 2015 in Malaysia, all life insurance products exempt from GST. Market penetration rate According to the BNM, the market penetration rate which is measured in terms of the sum of the life insurance policies and family takaful in force to the total population has risen from 38.7% in 2005 to 54.9% in 2015. However, it remains distant from the government’s targeted level of 75% in the year 2020. Although the market penetration rate for family takaful products was only a quarter of the market penetration rate in 2015, its market penetration rate has increased steadily from 9.2% in 2009 to 14.7% in 2015. In

Proposal- Civil Engineering Free Essays

string(31) " energy savings with option 1\." Proposal To: Dr. Rod Zink From: Shivani Priyam SUBJECT: Recommendation Report â€Å"Topic† Revised Draft: Wednesday April 17, 2013 The purpose of this proposal is to summarize my recommendation report. Through this proposal, I will explain my theoretical situation in which I make a recommendation to the Assotech Limited’s Planning and Coordination team as to which type of master plan is best suited for their upcoming project. We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal- Civil Engineering or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the course of this proposal I will explain Assotech Limited’s position in the Real Estate market in India. I will also compare two master plans since that will be critical in making a strong informative recommendation to the organization. Finally, at the end of my proposal I will outline my tentative schedule and breakdown the costs that I expect to incur while putting together my recommendation report. Introduction As Civil Engineer I have been hired by Assotech Limited to select the best master plan for a land area of 12. 062 acres, which comprises of  High Rise Towers of 2 BHK, 3BHK, 3 BHK + Servant room + Study 4 BHK + Servant room + Study apartments as per the market requirements catering to buyers of all segments of the society. Some inventory of villas has also been introduced to take the advantage of huge demand for this. I have been hired to help the company choose between 2 possible master plans for the development. I will compare the two alternatives and recommend the best possible alternative for the company and the future residents. The company wants a master plan that takes into account the climatic conditions, sun and wind movement and incorporates these factors in our designs. I have to suggest the best alternative that will be the most efficient, the most cost effective option and also the most reliable over time for the homeowners and also maximize the use of natural elements in our buildings. Description of Case study The site is strategically located at Sector 99; in the upcoming New Gurgaon Area (India), which is in close proximity to the newly built Terminal-3 of Indira Gandhi International Airport, . The topography of the site is majorly flat with minor level differences. The client needs a master plan that will build Low rise development on the Southern side and high raise development on the Northern side for maximum utilization of natural resources. Gurgaon falls in the Composite Climatic Zone of India having all types of climatic characteristics from hot dry, warm, humid as well as cold conditions. A climatic data glance over the past two decades show that hottest months are from May till June and the coldest months are from December till January, normal Annual Rainfall being 553mm. The Average Annual Wind Direction is North West to South East. The winds in this zone on an average are light but gain force in summers and monsoons. The site is located south East to the master plan. The wind direction being North West to South East will bring purified cool breeze into the site. Human comfort is a function of four primary variables; air temperature, air movement, humidity, and the mean radiant temperature of interior surfaces. Natural ventilation is an energy efficient way to increase human comfort because air movement increases heat transfer from the surface when cooler outside air replaces warm and humid indoor air. Natural ventilation, unlike fan-forced ventilation, uses the natural forces of wind and buoyancy to deliver fresh air into buildings. To maximize Natural Ventilation in buildings we need: * Set Building orientation to receive prevailing breezes * Cooling of breezes by vegetative shading * Introduction of water bodies along the wind path to control temperature. * Architectural devices such as wind chimneys, atria, courtyards, windows, and operable blinds to induce natural air flow. The Two Plans: The two types of master plans that Assotech limited are taking under consideration incorporates all the major factors such as the climatology, wind, solar path and solar gain but vary in terms of the amount of energy and cost it can save which is where my job begins. The first plan is called the Option 1 and the second plan is called Option 2. Before a decision on the two plans can be made, Environment clearance certificate needs to be obtained and the two plans needs to be tested upon three major factors: 1. Strategically Oriented buildings to maintain apartment temperatures through wind and sunlight. 2. Natural ventilation, unlike fan –forced ventilation, should use the natural forces of wind and buoyancy to deliver fresh air into buildings. 3. Should use temperature friendly materials for optimal apartment insulation. Comparative study of the two plans: The comparative study here shows the total energy and cost savings fro the two options. It presents a very drastic contrast between the two options with regards to AC cooling, Heating systems and Day lighting in the areas. This table highlights the energy savings with respect to the three main factors and also clearly states which option is the most efficient one. Take example of one bedroom of 150 -170 Sq. ft. Average running of 175 days in a year | Option1| Option2| A C (summers)| | | Connected load| 1. 5 tr| 1. 5 tr| operational load| 1. 3 tr| 1. 5 tr| total energy saving/ day| 2. 0 KW| NIL| Heating (winters)| | | Connected load| 2. 0 KW| 2. 0 KW| operational load| 1. 7 KW| 2. 0 KW| total energy saving/ day| 7. 0 KW| NIL| Day lighting| | | Connected load| 100 W| 100W| operational load| 65 W| 65 W| otal energy saving/ day| 70 W| NIL| Saving due to option 1 = 6581. 625 INR or 121. 47  US Dollar| In AC cooling systems, it shows a difference of 0. 2 tr. between the two options regarding operational load. It also shows the total energy savings if we go with Option1- Master Plan Green. In heating systems, it shows a difference of 0. 3 tr. in terms of operational loading, hence contributing majorly to to wards total energy savings with option 1. You read "Proposal- Civil Engineering" in category "Papers" In Day lighting, although there isn’t any loading difference but option 1 contributes 70 W worth energy saving, as compared to option 2 which contributes NIL. In conclusion, as it is evident from the comparative table, option 1 is a more efficient, cost effective and the most reliable option for our consumers. Option 1- Master Plan Green The massing on the site is such that to maximize the views from the Expressway. The blocks on the North and North West get the benefit of views of the Master Plan Green. The hierarchy of heights on the site respects the Vaastu Principles with lower tower on the North East and increasing heights towards South West. The geometry of the site has also been considered. The entrances of the site are at North East and South West with reference to Vaastu requirements. The central location of the Clubhouse gives an easy access from all parts of the site. The Club also has a direct access to avoid congestion on any part of the site. All the buildings on the site face Central Green Courtyards. The site is divided into two huge green courts flowing into each other through a central lawn. Option 2- Master Plan White This option gets the benefit of the Natural Resources that is Wind and Sun. The Wind Movement has been taken care of by placing the building blocks strategically to get the advantage of natural ventilation in maximum number of apartments. The peripheral road gives a direct access to all the blocks with their separate drop offs. The placement of Villas on the Southern edge of the site and Taller buildings on the Northern edge allows Sun penetration in maximum number of apartments. Decision Criteria: In option 2 there is a linear tower in the central court,  this makes a closed courtyard comparing with Option 1. After closely observing the shadow diagram of both the options I concluded that option 1 has less shadow towers falling on each other and have open court yard (from club side) thus having better cross ventilation for  all the towers and its units. The minimum amount of shadows helps us in winters and reduces the requirement of heating load in overall load capacity as well as operational time when compared with option 2. Same is case for cross ventilation. Option 1 reduces the heat, makes the indoor spaces cooler as compared to option 2 thus reducing the load on the air conditioning. Prospective Audience: My primary audience would be the Manager of the Planning and Coordination team, who will read the report and recommendations and decide what he/she believes, will work best for his/her situation. The secondary audience will be the owners and management of the construction company. They will be making the final decision for the company and decide if the recommendation that I give to them will be best for their situation and whether or not they will be using those master plans. They will also check to ensure that the recommended mater plans meets all of the requirements that they have given to me as their engineer. Another audience for the report would be the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority who is in charge of the entire environment related factors will have to approve of the plan to make sure it will meet all of the regulation in the areas. Work Schedule For Implementation Of The Plan: The work schedule will begin as soon as the final proposal is handed in and will finish the day that the report is due. Task| April 1st– 8th | 9th-22nd| April 23rd- May 5th | 6th -12th | 13th– 19th | May 20th -June 3rd | Research systems| | | | | | | Form idea on better system| | | | | | | Initial Report draft body| | | | | | | Report front and end matter draft| | | | | | | Review and edit| | | | | | | Finish report and print and binding| | | | | | | Cost of Publication for the plan: The costs for the two options I am considering in my recommendation report are charted below: Option| Cost| Option 1 Air Conditioning unitsHeating UnitsVentilation strategiesSunlight incorporated tower structure| $6. 48 /- per sq. ft. | Option 2 Air Conditioning unitsHeating UnitsVentilation strategiesSunlight incorporated tower structure | $10. 78 /- per sq. ft. | I have decided to go with option 1. Total savings due to option 2 is 121. 47  US Dollar. Schedule for the recommendation report: I feel as I navigate through this project I would need to plan and stay focused to accomplish all tasks in a timely manner and hence my planner for this recommendation report would be: Task| Week 11| Week 12| Week 13| Week 14| Week 15| Week 16| 1| Proposal| | | | | 2| | | Initial Draft| | | 3| | | | | Complete| | 4| | | | | | Final| Qualifications: This project falls under my current work related responsibilities. As a civil engineer in Assotech Limited, I have a wealth of resources and knowledge available to conduct a realistic analysis for the two master plan alternatives. I also fully understand the pros and cons of the two options, which would help me to see the effect of each on the company and how it would result in achieving the main aim of the project. Since, I am able to utilize the resources I have available through Assotech Ltd. my cost for this project will very minimal. Cost of required materials I believe these could be the possible costs while creating the final product. The costs would include the cost of color printing, and the coil binding. Thus the break down of the cost is listed below: Items| Cost| Color printing| $0. 49| Paper| $0. 0| Coil Binding| $ 3. 50| Total | $3. 99| ————————————————- Permission to Continue: After reading the proposal I am asking for permission to carry onto the recommendation report for the task of finding a suitable master plan in relation to climatic conditions and energy usage for Assotech limite d for their project in Gurgaon, India. Citation requirements: 1. Assotech Limited. . 2012. Assotech Blith [Internet]. Noida (UP): Assotech Moonshine Urban Developers Pvt Ltd; [2012 January, cited 2013 February]. Available from: http://assotechlimited. om/our-projects/featured-project-assotech-blith. html The website is the official website of Assotech Ltd. I am using this website as one of my sources for the recommendation report since this page would help me find information on the company and help me with my analysis and findings. I have used this website for obtaining the data for the comparative study, the cost of publishing and the work schedule for the plan to be implemented. 2. 2009. Gurgaon (UP): Sustainable Habitats- Teri Initiative [cited 2013]. Available from: http://www. sustainable-buildings. org/files/composite_SolarEnergy. df As we know, large quantities of energy are consumed in providing lighting, ventilation, and thermal comfort in the buildings. Using proper plann ing and design the architects have made it possible to reduce the wastage of energy and lighting. Thus, this website helped me with all the topography and climate related information required for my comparative study. Secondly, this website provided me with the information I needed to base my comparative options which were AC cooling, heating system and day lighting. Thirdly, it also gave me information about the location of the construction. 3. A R COP. 007. Planning and coordination [Internet]. 2007. Arcop Associates Pvt. Ltd, cited 2013] Available from: http://www. arcop. co. in/planningandurbandesign. htm ————————————————- This website helped me with my master plan options and cost related questions. I used this website to obtain the visuals I needed for my report. It provided me with all the details along with the visuals for the master plan green as well as the maste r plan white. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Vaastu- â€Å"ancient doctrine about science of construction and architecture. † How to cite Proposal- Civil Engineering, Papers

Market Smartness. New York

Question: Discuss about the Market Smartness for New York? Answer: Introduction The report is all about international marketing of Harvey Nichols. Different business activities and strategies are discussed in this report. Harvey Nichols is a chain of departmental store founded in 1831. The business industry of Harvey Nichols is retail as their sell number of brands product. Harvey Nichols sells products for men and women like fashion clothes, accessories, beauty products and etc. Harvey Nichols is famous retailer of different luxury fashionable products. There are many stores within countries of U.K, Ireland and UAE. As commented by Acuff (2009) till now total numbers of stores of Harvey Nichols globally are more than 20. The managers of Harvey Nichols decided to open a new store as 9th international store in Dubai. Being a marketing consultant of Harvey Nichols, after analyzing market potential in three different countries decided to open new store. The countries chosen for market potential analysis are India, Australia and Qatar. Situational Analysis External Analysis Harvey Nichols external analysis is done by using Pestle method which is as - P Political factor - Commented Cadogan (2012) political environment in which Harvey Nichols work are influenced by government policies, laws regarding retail store. Every country has its own set of laws, policies regarding retail industry. E Environmental factor - As stated by Chaston (2009) different environmental factor in which Harvey Nichols perform their business are - climate, geographical based export, import, global environment and etc. Harvey Nichols performs business activities under these environmental factors. S Social factor Commented Conlon, Miner, Mc Clearyand McMurray (2011) business activities are affected by social factors in positive and in negative ways. Social factor help Harvey Nichols in developing product image, brand image and etc. They also help organization in knowing about their customers choice, demand and requirement. Harvey Nichols plan strategies, policies taking into consideration both employees as well as their customers. As commented by Whitelock (2011) to increase profit share of any business customers and employees both are important. T- Technological factor Stated Ruh (2009) to run a retail business successfully technology is main factor. Harvey Nichols is always updated regarding their technological support. To increase their international marketing Harvey Nichols mangers to keep them updated regarding technology in comparison of competitors. To increase international marketing, global communication technologies are very important. L Legal factor Legal factors on which Harvey Nichols business activities are dependent are as rules and regulation, different laws and customs and etc. As commented by Mercado (2008) to run a retail business in ethical manner Harvey Nichols has to follow them. E Economic factor Commented Lindsey and Munger (2011) countrys economy are affected by different business cycle of Harvey Nichols. Harvey Nichols is well know international brand and involved in export and import of fashion products. So economy of nation is affected by their different international trade activities and monetary strategies. Different factors which affect economy of nation are as- FDI rates, interest rates, inflation rates and etc of organization. Internal Analysis Harvey Nichols internal analysis is done by using 4ps strategy which is as Product Every department of Harvey Nichols are having different price rate. Before deciding product price customers requirement and needs are analyzed by experts. Product price is directly related to customers ability to pay, demand of product in market and etc. Price Commented Lamberti and Pero (2013) price of products are dependent on factors like product demand in market, customers ability for paying for particular product and etc. Place Stated (Koh, Fichmanand Kraut (2012) place for store are selected after analyzing various factors like availability of natural resources, public and private transport facility, surrounding and other. To analyze these factors Harvey Nichols hires experts. Promotion Harvey Nichols promotional strategies are online advertisement, advertisement via physical medium and social networking sites. They focus on advertising their products with the help of celebrity and other famous personalities. This strategy helps in increasing their sales, profit in comparison of competitors. SWOT Analysis Harvey Nichols experts use SWOT analysis to evaluate their strength, weakness, opportunities and threats which are as S Strength Commented Gilmarten (2009) strength of Harvey Nichols are as their different strategies and channel used for distribution and sales. Harvey Nichols keeps them updated regarding their technologies, strategies and network channel, which help them in increasing their profit share. Harvey Nichols main strength regarding their business are as domestic market where they are performing business activities, sales and distribution strategies, financial strategies and etc. W - Weaknesses- As stated by Edmond and Weill (2009) it was found in market research process that, Harvey Nichols have less weaknesses in their business activities. The major weakness of Harvey Nichols regarding their business activities are high amount of expenditure in research and development. In addition to this stated Cadogan (2012) weaknesses of Harvey Nichols are their poor tax structure, competitor strategy and etc. To run a business employees and customers both are important, but in case of Harvey Nichols sometimes they ignore their customers and employees. Due to which profit share in decreased. O- Opportunities The major opportunity which Harvey Nichols faces is - their firm increase in income or profit range and different achievement in their business. Stated Cadogan (2012) opportunities help in increasing their profit and sales volume. T Threats Commented Carter (2009) Harvey Nichols should plan risk management strategies which will help them regarding threats which may occur in future. The threat which organization may face is regarding their product price, product stability in any market, global economy and other. Discussion of different strategic options for Harvey Nichols using 12C Commented Batie (2009) Harvey Nichols used diversification strategy to increase their joint venture, market growth, economy, international market and their production. Organization always focuses on their business activities and different strategies, which help in increasing profit share and sales volume. Stated Liao and Wang (2009) performing international marketing and business activities in retail sector is difficult in comparison of other industry. International market and international market are different regarding activities, strategies and other. International market target audience, target locations are also different from domestic market. In addition to this stated Czinkota, Ronkainen and Zvobgo (2011), international market customers are having different behavior, perception and financial ability. So Harvey Nichols before starting their international marketing analyze properly all these factors. As commented by Edmond (2009), to do effective business in international market organization should always analyze their competitors strategies, activities and other factors. Harvey Nichols for finalizing country regarding their international business activities used 12C outline. The 12C analyze country, currency, culture, control, coordination concentration, commitment, communication, choice, channel used for distribution, contractual commitment, capacity of paying, caveats of international market. Harvey Nichols market consultant has chosen India, Dubai and Australia for analyzing their stability in these markets before inaugurating new store. The 12C outline is as C - Country Commented Fastoso and Whitelock (2012) every country has their own set of rules and regulation regarding international marketing. But in case of UAE, they do not have any political, legal and economical obligation regarding international business activities. On the other hand, India and Australia have set of rules and policies which every company has to follow. C Currency As mentioned by Gilmarten (2009) UAE currency is not affected by Britain currency. In case of Australia and India, their international business activities are not affected by UAE and Britain currency. C Culture Commented Gilmarten (2009) culture is different of every nation and their business activities are also done as per their culture norms. Advertising, promotional and other strategies are to be planned as per countrys norms and diversity. C Coordination and Control The business activities performed by Harvey Nichols should be in proper hierarchy and coordination. The labor hired for performing business activities should always be skilled and expert in their area. C Commitment Commented Conlon (2011) Harvey Nichols should always plan their long term strategy and other strategies taking into consideration economy status and financial condition. C Concentration Commented Conlon, Miner, McCleary and McMurray (2011) India, Australia and UAE are having different market penetration and stability strategy. It has to be followed by every company regarding the business activities. C Communication As commented by Batie (2009) successful communication is done only when proper hierarchy is followed and feedback is given. The main factor to run international market in any country is proper communication channel. Different advertising medium used by Harvey Nichols are online advertising, social media advertising and physical advertising. C Choice of Customer Commented Batie (2009) to run retail business customer are very important. In case of Harvey Nichols, they consider their customers feedback and suggestion while changing business activities or etc. Every store of Harvey Nichols is having product as per their customers demand and requirement. C Channel of Distribution Stated Cadogan (2012) distribution channel is important for running business activities. Harvey Nichols while running their business considers both local and national suppliers. C Contractual obligation Harvey Nichols always focuses on their contracts which are done with different countries and business organization. C Caveats As commented by Carter (2009) to run a business profitably laws and regulations should be followed properly. Strategic recommendation for Harvey Nichols As stated by Cadogan (2012) segmentation of product and market are done for combining same features product and market. It helps Harvey Nichols to know their customers requirement and demand present in that market. Harvey Nichols decided to open their retail store in India, Australia and UAE different regions. The main focus of Harvey Nichols is on inaugurating new store in Doha, Dubai. The target audience of Doha store are local citizens and nearby people living. Before opening new store Harvey Nichols should segment their customers, market and products. The segmentation is done regarding geographical, demographical, psychological factors. The products which are to be kept in stores are decided after analyzing different factors as customers requirement, demand, ability to pay and their income level. Psychological Segmentation Psychological segmentation deals with customers needs, requirement regarding Harvey Nichols different products. Commented Carter (2009) customers perception regarding product and brand depends on advertisement and promotional strategy of Harvey Nichols. Psychological segmentation helps Harvey Nichols in increasing their sales volume and profit share. Demographical Segmentation The demographical factors which affect Harvey Nichols marketing are customers age, income level, occupation type and society in which they stay. Harvey Nichols before launching new store in any region analyzes customers requirement, needs, age and other factors. It helps them in deciding the product distribution. Geo demographic Segmentation As stated by Acuff (2009) geo demographical segmentation help Harvey Nichols to all the other segmentation evaluation result. It helps in increasing sales volume and profit, as more number of customers can be attracted by this segmentation. Harvey Nichols should always consider geo demographic segmentation for increasing their profit share. Geographical Segmentation - As mentioned by Cateora, Gilly and Graham (2011) geographical segmentation help in knowing customers demand and requirement in context of city, street, region, town and etc. Before launching new store in India, Australia and Dubai Harvey Nichols managers should properly analyze their customers choice in relation to region, city and etc. Products and markets are segmented is very important part of international marketing. Being a research analyst of Harvey Nichols geo demographical segmentation will be best suited for their international marketing. As stated by Cateora (2011) geo demographical segmentation outcome is combination of all other segmentation, which helps organization to know more clearly about their customers. Harvey Nichols departmental store should always consider their customers feedback and suggestions while performing their marketing and distribution activities. In addition to this Chaston (2009) commented that this segmentation method will help in attracting more number of customers. It will also help in increasing profit share of Harvey Nichols in comparison of competitors. New store stability is dependent on customers perception regarding the brand and products available in store. So to create good brand and product image Harvey Nichols should adapt geo demographical segmentation and good international marketing strategy. Market Entry Strategy of Harvey Nichols in Dubai International market entry of Harvey Nichols depends on customers choice, requirement and demand. Commented Gilmarten (2009) Harvey Nichols should analyze customers choice, market requirement and other similar factors. International marketing will help Harvey Nichols to attract huge number of customers. Target market of Harvey Nichols Commented Gilmarten (2009) to enter in Dubai market Harvey Nichols should focus on their target audience requirement and demand. Target market should be known by their experts, before entering in Dubai market. Aim of target market of Harvey Nichols Harvey Nichols should plan their aim regarding sales and customer of the target market. Aim will help in deciding their performance level. Method used for entering After planning the aim of the target market, Harvey Nichols experts should decided which method to adopt for entering in new market. Duration required for entering Product and market segmentation will help Harvey Nichols in knowing about their customers more deeply. It helps in analyzing their target audience choice. Marketing Mix It helps in analyzing product, place, promotion, price and other factors. Selecting the target market by the departmental store of Harvey Nichols Selecting target market is done as Harvey Nichols experts should collect all information regarding their market requirement and condition of Dubai retail industry. Harvey Nichols departmental store experts should always focus on their benchmarking and other level decided for measuring profit. Selection of target market Figure 1: Selection process of Target Market Chosen method by Harvey Nichols for entering in market Different methods adopted by Harvey Nichols for entering in new market are as- Harvey Nichols should plan risk management for their new market. Market size and growth rate should be analyzed initially by experts. Communication with local bodies should be maintained properly. Recommendation for the appropriate marketing mix Product Commented Lamberti and Pero (2013) Harvey Nichols is famous for fashion products and luxury item for both men and women. The main products of Harvey Nichols are as fashion clothes, accessories, beauty products, different beverage products and etc. Harvey Nichols should focus on category of their products regarding Dubai store. In addition to this Mercado (2008) stated Harvey Nichols should focus on men related product rather than women, as there are different political and social scenario. Promotion Stated Lamberti and Pero (2013) Harvey Nichols should adapt promotional and advertising strategy as per the social and political condition of the country. In case of Dubai store, advertising strategy should be done of more men products in comparison of women products. Price Stated Mercado (2008) to attract more number of customers Company should offer various discounts in their Dubai store. Price of product should be decided taking into consideration financial ability of customers as well as their requirement. Place Harvey Nichols should adopt online shopping and advertising strategy regarding their new store and products. Stated Mercado (2008) they should try to work as per the retail industry structure of Dubai to increase their profit share. Physical evidence Commented Ko and Megehee (2012) Harvey Nichols should try to place their new store in centre of Doha city, so that more number of customers are attracted. Process Harvey Nichols should try to focus on their customer service and relation, so that huge numbers of customers are attracted. People To increase profit they should focus on their employees and customers welfare strategies. They should adapt marketing strategies, which are beneficial for target audience. References: Acuff, D. (2009). Market smart. New York: Collins Design. Batie, M. (2009). Charter schools and market segmentation. Bothma, N. and Burgess, S. (2011).International marketing. Cape Town, Republic of South Africa: Oxford University Press, Southern Africa. Cadogan, J. (2012). International marketing, strategic orientations and business success.International Marketing Review, 29(4), pp.340-348. Carter, S. (2009). The new language of marketing 2.0. Upper Saddle River, NJ: IBM Press/Pearson. Chaston, I. (2009). Boomer marketing. London: New York. Conlon, K., Miner, W., McCleary, S. and McMurray, G. (2011). Identification of 5-HT 2C mediated mechanisms involved in urethral sphincter reflexes in a guinea-pig model of urethral function.BJU International, 110(2b), pp.E113-E117. Czinkota, M., Ronkainen, I. and Zvobgo, G. (2011).International marketing. Andover, United Kingdom: South-Western Cengage Learning. Cateora, P., Gilly, M. and Graham, J. (2011).International marketing. New York, NY: McGraw-Hi Edmond, C. and Weill, P. (2009). Aggregate implications of micro asset market segmentation. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Fastoso, F. and Whitelock, J. (2012). Guest editorial.International Marketing Review, 29(3). Gilmarten, J. (2009). Market smart. New York: Collins Design. Khong, H. and Jomo K. S., (2009). Labour market segmentation in Malaysian services. Singapore: NUS Press. Ko, E. and Megehee, C.M. (2012), Fashion Marketing of Luxury Brands: Recent Research Issues and Contributions, Journal of Business Research, 65 (10), 1395-1398 Laeequiddin, M., Sahay, B.S., Sahay, V., and Waheed, K. (2012), Trust building in supply chain partners relationship: an integrated conceptual model, Journal of Management Development, 31(6), 550-564. Lamberti, L., and Pero, M. (2013). The supply chain management-marketing interface in product development: an exploratory study. Business Process Management Journal, 19(2), 217-244. Lertwannawit, A. and Mandhachitara, R. (2012), Interpersonal Effects on Fashion Consciousness and Status Consumption Moderated by Materialism in Metropolitan Men, Journal of Business Research, 65(10), 1408-1416 Lusch, R.F., Vargo, S.L., and Tanniru, M. (2010), Service, value networks and learning Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(1), 19-31 Mercado, H. (2008). Market segmentation based on subcultural socialization. Whitelock, J. (2011). Editorial.International Marketing Review, 28(1). Whitelock, J. and Cadogan, J. (2013). Editorial.International Marketing Review, 30(5).

Life of James Mcbride Essay Example

Life of James Mcbride Paper McBride, a young colored man deals with growing up and having a white mother. James McBride always realized that his mother was different from his friends mothers, but he never understood why. He would always ask his mother why she was different but she would Just reply that all people are the same. He never knew anything about the background of his mother because she never talked about it and he was afraid to ask. She would ride her old bicycle in an all black neighborhood that was run by the black panthers. James was scared for his mother because even though he was young at the time, he knew what was going on. I think that this book was an impressive view on how twelve young colored children reacted towards having a white mother during the civil rights movement. James McBride was the youngest of his twelve siblings. His father died before he was born and his mother remarried soon after. He could always tell that his mother was unlike his friends mothers. When I asked her If she was white, shed say, No. Im light-skinned, and change the subject gall(McBride, 21 When James was round the age of twelve, his step-father bought his mother an old beat-up bicycle. She would ride it all around the town and James friends would always ask him why his mother looked so different. Along with being tantalizing, Sesames family was impoverished. One washcloth was used by all. A solitary toothbrush would five sets of teeth and gums. (McBride, 68). The family remained as one. Even though young James was curious about his mother and life in general, it didnt hold him back from asking questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of James Mcbride specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life of James Mcbride specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life of James Mcbride specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He asked things such as what color was Jesus? and who am l? And where did you come from mommy? . His mother always avoided the questions by answering them by saying Jesus is all the colors and You are who you are and l came from where everyone else came from. (McBride, 12-13). His mother did not want him to discuss their family with anyone else. You stick to your brothers and sisters, thats It. Dont tell nobody your business neither! (McBride, 12-13) As James was growing up, he developed many different feelings. He survived through the civil rights movement with a white mother, he completed high school ND moved onto college, and he found out the truth about his mother. He found out that his mother had a name besides mother. l had never heard that name before. Even in recounting what little she had told me of her life, Mommy had never referred to herself as Rachel. (McBride, 207). He also found out that his mother was Jewish and she was born in Poland. After James graduated from high school he attended Oberlin College and then got his masters degree in Journalism from Colombia university. When James was in college his mother was diagnosed with cancer. 01 ad a little bump on my face and she made me see this fancy doctor. Now I goat wear this dumb hat all the time. It makes me look Like a rooster. (McBride, 260). James grew In many ways from this experience. All of his life he has had his mother there to lean on and care for. As soon as she was diagnosed he realized he had to start living Nils own Tie Dye enamels. He recognizer Nils mother as a notable woman. All of her twelve children grew up to be happy and successful. Mommys children are extraordinary people, most of them leaders in their own right. AY of them had doted more mental baggage and dealt with more hardship than they care to remember, yet they carry themselves with a giant measure of dignity, humility, and humor (McBride, 277). All of them had grown up to be doctors, chemists, teachers, and writers. James views his life as a suffering with the outcome of having his dreams come true. We sat up for many n ights listening to me recite my dreams but in reality of the hard days that followed. (McBride, 291). He views his mother as a paramount woman. She taught her children that God and their educations came before anything. This theory made them succeed. Thats money if your mind is empty? (McBride, 9). Sesames family was the first thing on his mind always. He felt that his life has been fulfilled in every way. He was living in a time of revolution. When he was younger, his mother meant the most to him, he felt no matter how old he was he could protect her Just as she had protected him. It frightened the hell out of me. I thought to myself, These people will kill Mommy. (McBride,27). Overall James thinks that his younger, poor life lead up to his older, wealthier life. I think that this book was a great analysis on how a destitute black family with a white mother succeeded through a revolution. The organization of the book was efficient. The first chapter was about the mothers background and the second was about Sesames life. Then the chapters alternated with his mothers and then his throughout the book. I think that this was a good way to establish chapters because it was easier to appreciate the book. This book discussed Just about every aspect of James whole life up until he wrote the book. It was a great touching story. I think that this book was an impressive view on how twelve young colored children reacted towards having a white mother during the civil rights movement. I think that this book was a great analysis on how a destitute black family with a white mother succeeded through a revolution. This book would be great for a person with an open mind and a person who would want to read a touching story on a mans life. You need a great outlook on life to appreciate this story the way that the author wants you to. I would recommend it to almost everyone.

Interview with a Dancer - Listening Comprehension

Interview with a Dancer - Listening Comprehension You will hear a man interviewing a famous ballet dancer. Write down the answers to the questions he asks. You will hear the listening twice for the gist. After you have finished, look below for the answers.   Click on this ballet dancer listening quiz to begin.   How long did she live in Hungary?Where was she born?Why wasnt she born in a hospital?What kind of day was her birthday?Was she born in 1930?Did her parents leave Hungary with her?What did her father do?What did her mother do?Why did her mother travel a lot?When did she begin to dance?Where did she study dance?Where did she go after Budapest?Why did she leave her first husband?Which country was her second husband from?How many husbands has she had? Instructions: You will hear a man interviewing a famous dancer. Write down the answers to the questions he asks. You will hear the listening twice. After you have finished, click on the arrow to see if you have answered correctly. (changed to answers below) Transcript:   Interviewer: Well, thank you very much for agreeing to come to this interview.Dancer: Oh, its my pleasure.   Interviewer: Well, its a pleasure for me as well. Right, well there are lots of questions Id like to ask you, but first of all, can you tell me something about your early life? I believe you are from Eastern Europe, arent you?Dancer: Yes, thats right. I ... I was born in Hungary, and I lived there for all of my childhood. In fact, I lived in Hungary for twenty-two years.   Interviewer: I believe theres a rather strange story that Ive heard about your birth.Dancer: Yes, in fact I was born on a boat because ... because my mother needed to go to the hospital, and we lived on a lake. And so she was on the boat going to the hospital, but she was too late.   Interviewer: Oh, so when your mother went to hospital she went by boat.Dancer: Yes. Thats right.   Interviewer: Oh, and you arrived?Dancer: Yes, on a beautiful spring day in fact. It was the twenty-first of April that I arrived in. Well, around 1930 I can tell you, but I wont be more specific than that.   Interviewer: And, uh, your family? Your parents?Dancer: Yes, well my mother and father remained in Hungary. They didnt come away with me, and my father was a history professor at the university.  He wasnt very famous. But, on the other hand, my mother was quite famous. She was a pianist. Interviewer: Oh.Dancer: She played lots of concerts in Hungary. She travelled around a lot.   Interviewer: So music was ... because your mother was a pianist, music was very important for you.Dancer: Yes, in fact.   Interviewer: From very early.Dancer: Yes, I danced when my mother played the piano.   Interviewer: Yes.Dancer: Right.   Interviewer: And did you, when did you really realize that you wanted to dance? Was it at school?Dancer: Well, I was very, very young. I did all of my school studies in Budapest. And I studied dancing there in Budapest with my family. And then I came to America. And I got married when I was very, very young. I had an American husband. And he died very young, and then I married another man who was from Canada. And then my third husband was French.   Quiz Answers She lived in Hungary for twenty-two years.She was born on a boat on a lake in Hungary.They lived on a lake and her mother was late to the hospital.She was born on a spring day.She was born around 1930, but the date is not exact.Her parents did not leave Hungary with her.Her father was a professor at university.Her mother was a pianist.Her mother travelled to play in concerts.She began to dance very young when her mother played the piano.She studied dance in Budapest.She went to America after Budapest.She left her husband because he died.Her second husband was from Canada.She has had three husbands.

Baker College Corporate Services Essay Example for Free

Baker College Corporate Services Essay Franklin Delano Roosevelt was one of America’s greatest Leaders. His accomplishments are discussed in this paper in a biographical manner, as well as other Authors opinions about them, including my humble self’s. This paper gives an example of a forward looking, charismatic leader. The whole population of this great country is benefitting from his accomplishments, and will continue to do so for generations, with only slight adjustments for technology and culture. Franklin Delano Roosevelt An Example to Remember When somebody asks to pick a favorite leader, a number of the great ones pop into mind, like Christopher Columbus, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Douglas McArthur, Franklin Delano Roosevelt among others. It is a tough choice. They were all great. Franklin Delano Roosevelt had so many great accomplishments during his life time; the only way to list and discuss them would be in the biographical manner the Author chose. The reason the author chose to write about Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the similarity of today’s economy that he faced at the time of his first term in the office as well as our current president elect’s choice to use some of his strategies to correct the present state of our economy. Faced with World War II, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), guided America through one of its greatest domestic crisis, His presidency, which spanned twelve years, was unparalleled, not only in length but in scope. FDR took office with the country mired in a horrible and debilitating economic depression which not only sapped its material wealth and spiritual strength, but cast a cloud over its future, not unlike what we are facing today. â€Å"Roosevelt’s combination of confidence, optimism, and political savvy, all of which came together in the experimental economic and social programs of the â€Å"New Deal† helped bring about the beginnings of a national recovery (Baliles, 2005, p. 1). † FDR also committed the United States to the defeat of Germany, Japan, and Italy, and led the nation and its allies to the brink of victory. This triumph dramatically altered America’s relationship with the world, putting the United States into a position of international power, as well as political and moral leadership. By virtue of its newfound political and economic power, the United States would play a leading role in shaping the remainder of the twentieth century. Inside the United States Franklin Roosevelt stirred a domestic political revolution on several fronts. † FDR and the Democratic Party built a power base which carried the party to electoral and ideological, dominance until the late 1960s (Baliles, 2005, p. 1) â€Å". FDR’s policies, especially those comprising the New Deal, helped redefine and strengthen both the country as well as the American presidency, expanding its political, administrative, and constitutional powers of the office (Baliles, 2005). FDR was born in Hyde Park, New York, in 1882, to James and Sara Roosevelt. His parents were well off, if not wealthy by New York High society standards. While growing up, they were able to provide a succession of nannies, and at age 14 send him to a prestigious boarding school in Massachusetts. He went on to Harvard College, where he spent most of his time at the college paper, where he declared himself a Democrat. While at Harvard, he grew close to his cousin Theodor Roosevelt, who was moving up the political ladder in the Democratic Party, and began courting his distant cousin, Elanor Roosevelt. Although FDR started attending law school at Columbia at this time, he had little interest and dropped out after one year. Elanor and FDR were married in New York City in 1905. He had six children: Anna Elanor, born 1906; James, born 1907; Franklin Jr. , born 1909 and died the same year in November; Elliott, born 1910; Franklin Jr. , born 1914 and John Aspinwall, born 1916 (Coker, 2005). In 1910 FDR ran and got elected to the New York Senate and was re-elected in 1912. One year later he began his tenure as assistant secretary of the Navy under the Wilson administration at the age of 31, helping to prepare the country for entry into the world war. He moved his family to Washington for this reason. WWI lasted from April1917 until November 1918. â€Å"On more than one occasion, he was subject to ribbing by those around him as being a â€Å"little boy†. Nevertheless, in characteristic Roosevelt fashion, he was undaunted by his lack of experience and plunged into the job with enthusiasm and confidence (Coker, 2005, pg. 28). † As a matter of fact, he did such a great job, that in 1920 the Democratic Party named him the vice-presidential candidate on James Cox’s ticket. They lost the election in November of that year. Roosevelt’s most significant responsibility in the Navy Department had to do with labor negotiations with defense contractors. His primary goal in this area was to encourage positive relations between workers, industry leaders, and the military. In this capacity he gained appreciation for labor issues and learned how to handle sometimes rocky labor disputes (Coker, 2005). â€Å"FDR proved to have the exceptional ability to juggle various administrative and political responsibilities. Part of the reason he was able to do so many things simultaneously was that he insisted on bringing the indispensable Louis Howe to Washington with him to serve as his personal secretary. Howe seemed to be everywhere at once, assisting Roosevelt in all matters-scheduling appointments, helping with clerical work, and even helping Roosevelt keep an eye on, and a hand in, New York politics. † (Coker, 2005, pg. 31) In1921 FDR contracted polio, an incurable disease that left his legs paralyzed. By investing a considerable part of his fortune in renovating a spa in Warm Springs, Georgia, whose curative waters, together with strenuous physical therapy and the support of his wife, children and close confidantes, was he able to regain some use of his legs. By 1928 with the relentless help of his wife, Howe and a new personal secretary, Marguerite (Missy) LeHand, FDR was apparently sufficiently recovered to resume his political ambitions to run and win the governorship of New York. The very next year FDR had to cope with the stock market crash in October. The stock market was pretty volatile in the 1920s. With no regulation, Americans and investors bought stock on credit. By the second half of 1929 the economy slowed because of rising unemployment and high interest rates. When everybody started selling stock and found no buyers, the market nosedived. October 24th (Black Thursday†) and October 29th († Black Tuesday†) were two days that marked the beginning of the depression, although not the only cause. At the same time, farmers were taking advantage of new technologies, which caused overproduction. The Stock market crash, along with overseas competition, and urban areas lacking the income to buy agricultural products, caused those prices to crash also. Because of the prosperity in the 1920 over 80% of Americans held no savings at all and the rich stopped buying. Because of all these factors, 5000 banks collapsed, one in four farms went into foreclosure and 100,000 jobs vanished each week. By 1932 one quarter of this country’s people in were unemployed (Baliles, 2005). FDR implemented a number of innovative relief and recovery initiatives: unemployment insurance, pensions for the elderly, limits on work hours, and massive public works projects. These programs labeled him as a liberal reformer and won him reelection as governor in 1930. It is important to note that FDR as Governor surrounded himself with best minds that worked with him in the State Senate, as well as some members of Al Smiths former gubernatorial administration, to solve his States’ problems. At the same time he had Louise Howe, as his chief campaign strategist and the head of the state Democratic Party, James Farley laying the ground work for a presidential campaign (Coker, 2005). In the grip of the great depression, the Democrats turned to FDR in the election season of 1932 to run for President. He was a popular and successful governor for two terms, with a recognizable last name, that could challenge President Hoover. He won the presidency in a landslide, promising the American People a â€Å"New Deal†. Voters extended FDR approval to both houses of congress, giving the democrats overwhelming majority, which would prove vital in FDR’s first year in office. In his inaugural address, FDR promised the distraught Americans hope by telling them that they had â€Å"nothing to fear but fear itself (Baliles, 2005). † True to his character, FDR surrounded himself with a group of advisers nicknamed â€Å"the brain trust†. This brain trust included former progressives, liberal-minded professors and bright young lawyers. One of the traits FDR is consistent on is the ability to recognize when expert help is needed, and then surrounding himself with it (Dubrin, 2004). â€Å"An array of emergency measures proposed by FDR, and passed by Congress reflected three basic goals: industrial recovery through business-government cooperation and pump-priming federal spending; agricultural recovery through crop reduction; and short-term emergency relief distributed through state and local agencies when possible, but directly by the federal government if necessary. † ( Boyer, P. et. al. (2008). pg. 734) â€Å"Between March and June 1933, a period labeled â€Å"Hundred Days,† Congress enacted more than a dozen key measures ( Boyer, P. et. al. (2008). pg. 736). † These measures were all directed to solve every aspect of the depression, including regulating the stock market. Because so many people had been unemployed for some time, the help did not come fast enough. By 1934 the unity spirit of the hundred days was fading, industry was chafing under increasing National Recovery Administration (NRA) regulations. Even Nature seemed to work against recovery efforts. Between 1930 and 1939 the drought in the Oklahoma panhandle region turned much of the Great Plains in the Midwest into a dust bowl. Depression persisted, despite all efforts. FDR put great store in talking to the people, and he used radio to talk to them. He would talk regularly and informally on shows called â€Å"fireside chats† about results and plans to help the nation and alleviate people’s fears (Boyer, P. et. al. (2008). At this point in his research the author remembered the first four chapters of required reading for the class. It is without exaggeration, when saying, that it is hard to single out any one part of these chapters to describe FDR. They simply seem written about him. From the definition of leadership to the nine leadership roles in chapter one, the personality traits, motives and cognitive factors of effective leadership in chapter two, to initiating structure and consideration and attitude and behaviors of a leader in chapter four. FDR had it all. If it has been noticed the Author left out chapter three, because this chapter dealt with Charisma and transformational leadership. It would not be fair to pick any part of this chapter in the authors opinion FDR was the embodiment of this chapter (Dubrin, 2004). While he was loved by the people, the new deal was criticized from all directions. Some saying that the New Deal was going to far, others saying it was not going far enough. FDR seemed to relish the attacks of his critics, saying that the New Deal protected the average American, not the rich. In 1935 FDR fought back the criticism with a series of legislation that eclipsed the first hundred days termed the â€Å"Second New Deal†. He also lost support from the business community because of his support for the Wagner Act and Social Security. Both were the more memorable of FDR’s accomplishments, the former allowed labor unions to organize and bargain collectively, the latter set up programs designed to provide for the needs of the aged, the poor, and the unemployed, but excluding farmers, domestic workers, and the self employed (Baliles, 2005). Because of his popularity with the American people, FDR wins the election of 1936 against Republican Alf Landon by a major majority. What this proved, was that the Democratic Party was the major party in the states. At his inauguration he promised the people to continue to fight for the nation’s underprivileged. FDR put together a group of voters from different regions of the country. This diverse group became the core of the Democratic Party. It came to be called the â€Å"New Deal Coalition† or â€Å"Roosevelt coalition† and included members from different labor, racial, religious and ethnic groups, along with academics and intellectuals (Coker, 2005). FDR is first to realize he can not do it all himself, and has the presents and humility to put together a group that can give him, information, ideas and feedback from every segment of the population he is trying to help (Dubrin, 2004). FDR’s second term in office started with doing something about the resistance he has been encountering to his New Deal. The Supreme Court was on top of his lists of concern. They had overturned some agricultural and industrial New Deal reforms earlier and Roosevelt was concerned for future programs. He found it unbelievable that this body could overrule not only the presidency, but the Congress as well. He blamed it on the lack of vision of several older judges and was determined to do something about it. If they refused to retire or to die, he would find a more systematic way to protect his policies from them. He consulted legal experts and advisers within the organization and came up with the idea to expand the number of judges on the Supreme Court. In 1937 FDR proposed legislation stating that because the age of some of the judges, and in the interest of efficiency, adding an additional new and younger justice for every one of the sitting ones over the age of 75. Most of his opposition called FDR a dictator, but having such a majority in both houses of congress, the bill would have probably passed. Perhaps that was the reason later that year, that the Supreme Court upheld some state and federal legislation. By the time the bill reached the Senate, all the steam went out of the argument and did not pass. The possibility of the event coming to pass however, had such an impact on the Supreme Court that they have not invalidated any legislation concerning regulating business or expanding social rights for the remainder of the century. Having won his point with the court, he was finding the whole federal bureaucracy moving to slow for his tastes, started to bypass established procedures, creating emergency agencies to carry out policies. In 1937 Roosevelt had a plan for reorganizing his cabinet. It called him to receive 6 full time executive assistants, for a single administrator to head the Civil Service Commission, for him and his staff to assume all responsibility in budget planning, and for every executive agency to be under the control of a cabinet department. Although he did get some of these things passed by Congress in 1939, his opposition was able to paint him as imperious and power-hungry (Baliles, 2005). The Author can empathize with FDR on the point of the Judges, mainly because of a similar difficulty in his work environment, involving very high sonority workers that could retire and make room for younger people to work in this difficult economy. He would have told him that he is also of the opinion that any political appointment should not be for life. Frustrated by red tape of bureaucracy FDR shows a segment of entrepreneurial leadership (Dubrin, 2004). To top all this controversy, FDR also tried to eliminate some of the conservatives within his own party by supporting their more liberal opponents in the 1938 primary. This attempt was later labeled â€Å"The great Purge† and failed. Of the 10 Democrats targeted, only one lost. All these were reasons the party suffered significant setbacks, as the Republicans reclaimed 81 seats in the House of Representatives and 8 in the Senate in the 1938 midterm elections. In the midst of these setbacks, international events were becoming more important and harder to ignore. During the internal struggle of the depression the administration had adopted a position of isolation and neutrality toward the rest of the world claiming the United States was dragged into WWI by trade entanglements with European factions. The Japanese invaded the Chinese Mainland in 1937 and the fact this happened with very little resistance, FDR considered responding, concerned Japan might be encouraged to continue to press forward threatening crucial United States locations in the Philippines. Although FDR wanted to respond to the threat, he relented to his opposition. He sufficed to publicly â€Å"quarantined† Japan, mainly to express U. S. opposition to the invasion. He did ask and receive funding for increased naval development in the pacific under the guise of creating more jobs (Baliles, 2005). FDR shows his democratic leadership side as he cedes to the wishes of the population and the political majority and refrains from taking any direct and hostile action toward Japan. He probably realizes that the internal problems need the most focus as Japan has not physically attacked the U. S. Although, like the entrepreneurial and situational leader that he is, he sees an opportunity to use the goals of economic recovery and job creation to build up the country’s defenses. The Author would most likely have suggested using this creative plan to enforce the navy in the Atlantic as well (Dubrin, 2004). In Europe, Germany lead by Hitler was also invading neighboring countries under the guise of reuniting Germanic people under one nation. As long as his actions suited his declaration, France and England were content to stay out of the action. Russia under Stalin, seeing the lack of opposition, made a nonaggression pact with Hitler, and started seizing territory in Eastern Europe, while Hitler invaded Poland. These actions in 1939 shocked the world, with France and England declaring the start of World War II (Coker, 2005). Throughout this aggression in Europe, FDR was hamstrung because of the neutrality acts congress passed between 1935 and 1939. Being as staunch supporter of England and France, he did manage to relax them in 1939, accomplishing two goals, boosting our economy with our allies able to buy arms and munitions from us, as well as supporting them. In a speech to Congress he voiced his opposition to the neutrality laws and his regret of signing them. Explaining that none of our ships would enter hostile waters, the allies buying from us would transport the munitions. He also refrained from using military language, afraid of loosing hard won political support, needed in the upcoming election. At this time decisions war vying for supremacy in FDR between the future of the nation and his political career (Baliles, 2005). It is admirable and probably due to his inner circle of family and friend, that FDR has the presents of mind to divide his concentration between the troubles in Europe, trouble in the country and making sure he wins the election. FDR seems to see himself as a servant leader (Dubrin, 2004). Although expressing concern once that the Democratic Party was becoming to dependent on him, he was confidante he would win the nomination and be a favorite in the election. After a period of indecision, that left the party hanging, FDR announced his full support for the ticket. He did win the nomination and promptly announced his intention to replace the vice president, conservative John Nance Garner with Henry Wallace, a progressive who had been a major player in the administration. This caused a major disagreement within the party as nobody wanted a change. FDR got his way by a narrow margin, simply because he threatened to drop out of the race and resign from the white house immediately (Baliles, 2005). FDR seems to let his position go to his head somewhat as his actions describe a section of chapter 4 entitled the dark side of charismatic leadership. It describes that the end justifies the means (Dubrin, 2004). The race was the most challenging so far for FDR. The republicans, taking advantage of the strife in the Republican Party, tried labeling FDR as unstable and warmonger. In return FDR was warning the public of the threat the republicans would dismantle the New Deal and destroy the progress it had made. FDR would win the presidency for a third term with a narrower margin than the last two. Without the concern of the an election FDR proposed a bill to congress, which he promoted through a â€Å"Fireside chat† as well as a speech in congress, stressing that while the country was a peaceful one, with no intention of entering the war, the country had a good neighbor responsibility to help defeat Hitler through the production of goods and weaponry and a â€Å"Lend-Lease† program, under which the Allies could borrow military hardware to return after use. A bill was passed in congress in early1941 that greatly increased our help to Great Britain. As Hitler was fighting by now against England and Russia, having broken the nonaggression pack, FDR was able to increase the U. S. naval presence in the Atlantic on the threat that Hitler was out of control without breaking the neutrality act. This action caused our ships to come under fire, resulting in the sinking of several. In September of 1941, while mourning the death of his mother, FDR gave our navy orders to fire at will. Emboldened by its alliance with Germany, Japan attacked the U. S. at Pearl Harbor hoping to invade and secure the natural resources, denied them after their alliance with Germany, which they were importing from the U. S. before. On December 8, 1941, FDR delivered his famous â€Å"A ate which will live in infamy† speech, to congress asking for a declaration of war and getting it that same afternoon (Coker, 2005). â€Å"Despite Roosevelts lifelong interest in diplomacy, he never held illusions that he would formulate strategy in case of war. He did, however, expect to stay in close contact with his officers and surround himself with an able advisory team (Coker, 2005, Pg. 134)†. He also took similar steps to reorient the country for war production, creating the War Production Board to oversee mobilization soon joined by an Office of War Mobilization. FDR’s New Deal experience helped him create a cooperative venture between government and private industry to meet defense needs (Coker, 2005). During mobilization FDR brought about significant changes for the betterment of unemployed and minorities. Farmers streamed into cities, finding jobs, women were urged to work at jobs previously occupied by men and everybody was urged to join a union. Unions saw the peek of membership during these years. If the New Deal was slow in turning the economy around, although creating enormous deficit, the Second World War kick started the economy into high gear. Although reluctant and concerned about violating civil liberties, FDR, as was his policy in most military matters, listened to his military advisors and issued Executive Order 9066, which forced over 100,000 Japanese-Americans into internment camps, for security reasons. (Coker, 2005) Controversial and widely criticized later, this action was done out of fear of espionage. At that time, however not the Civil Liberties Union, nor the public objected to this action. If War was not one of FDR’s strong points, organizing, creating smooth transitions using programs such as â€Å"maintenance for membership† and â€Å"no strike-pledge† was. He used fireside chats to explain to the public the need for such policies, applying to patriotism. While researching FDR’s accomplishments during WWII, the author was amazed by his power of persuasion and organization during this time of mass confusion in this country. Had he lived in this time frame, the Author would have liked FDR to tell him how he kept it all straight (Dubrin, 2004). The outlook did not look promising for the allies in the first months of 1942, but things turned against Germany and Japan when the U. S. won victories in the pacific theater in 1943 and â€Å"D-Day† operation was a great success in France in 1944. On the home front, FDR had to concentrate internally again for several reasons. First the Republicans, having won major advancements in the election of 1942 in Congress, were making it almost impossible to pass legislation to fund the war, which mainly consisted of significant tax hikes. The Labor unions were also threatening to strike over this issue. Mainly the public was fed up with funding the war and having to do without. In 1944, FDR made it known to his party that he was willing to run for a forth term. The party acknowledged that he would be their best chance for victory, however, nominated Senator Harry Truman as Vice President. Although a sick man, run down from his years in office, his energetic campaigning and his medical condition, FDR downplayed the situation and convinced the public they should not change leaders in mid-war. He won the presidency against republican New York governor Thomas Dewey by 54% of the popular vote (Baliles, 2005). FDR’s stamina and drive at this point in his life is a little disturbing from the authors point of view. Highly regarded as a great leader, it is surprising he does not recognize his deficiencies and recommends the party choose a different candidate. But then, if his wife, doctor and friends could not persuade him to retire, the author doubts highly that his own powers of persuasion could have influenced FDR to turn the country over to somebody else, and concentrate on his health and family. FDR’s health deteriorated rapidly after the election. He would not live to see the end of WWII. Convalescing in Warm Spring, Georgia on April, 12, 1945; he collapsed and died of cerebral hemorrhage. His body was transported from Georgia to Washington D. C. and from there to Hyde Park, N. Y. for burial. Hundreds of thousands of people came to pay their respects during this final journey, attesting to the fact that he was considered the hero and savior of the 20th century (Boyer, P. et. al. (2008). Congress did limit the terms of a president to two terms shortly after FDR’s death. Actually, the Republican Party started legislation on this subject four years earlier, at the time of the last election. They did not pursue it on the grounds of seeming petty during the election. Over the decades the subject â€Å"FDR†, private life, political life and all his accomplishments, good or bad, would be studied by economists, politicians, and academics as well as students like us. One such example is a Policy Review interview of several students asked to compare the Contract with America which the 1995, 104th Congress and House Speaker Newt Gingrich promised to deliver in less than 100 days with FDR’s New Deal. The Author would like to show Quotes to prove several points. Sally C. Pipes, President of Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy â€Å"Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and the new Republican House Leadership deserve thanks and congratulations for the successful completion of the Contract with America. What a revolutionary series of events has taken place! With the Contract, a promise to the American people was made; in a little less than the promised hundred days, the promise was kept. Of what other Congress in this Century can that be said? † (Pitney, 1995) Mike Siegel, Former president of the National Association of Radio Talk Show Hosts. â€Å"The Contract with America committed the House Republicans to raising and voting on each of the Contract Items. This was accomplished and should be considered a major shift from politics as usual (Pitney, 1995). † Deroy Murdock, President of Loud & Clear Communication. â€Å"Assuming the Senate and President Clinton cooperate, the enactment of most Contract items, per se, will not influence American politics as profoundly as did FDR in his First Hundred Days. However, the paradigm shift that has accompanied the Contract likely will parallel the new thinking that FDR inspired 62 years ago. † (Pitney, 1995) Mona Charen, Nationally syndicated columnist. â€Å"The First Hundred Days of the Republican majority were like a laser show—full of color and sound, but so fast and furious that it was difficult for voters to single out the benefits of tort reform, welfare reform, or regulatory reform. † (Pitney, 1995) Jeff Jacoby, Nationally syndicated columnist for the Boston Globe. â€Å"So, no, in terms of legislation completed, Gingrich’s First Hundred Days don’t compare with FDR’s. So thoroughly did Gingrich and his army upend that piece of conventional wisdom, that by the end of a hundred days, Bill Clinton was reduced to insisting he still mattered. â€Å"The President,† he sniffled in a mid-April press conference, â€Å"is relevant here. † (Pitney, 1995) William A. Rusher, Former publisher of National Review. â€Å"The First Hundred Days of the new House Republican Leaders will deserve that well-worn adjective â€Å"historic† even if relatively few of the measures listed in their Contract with America ever become law in the form they recognize (Pitney, 1995). † Burton W. Folsom Jr. , Senior Fellow in Economic Education at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy in Midland, Michigan. â€Å"The House Republican Leadership did most of what it said it would do in the Contract with America. The Republican Contract was a conscious, thoughtful, and usually coherent plan that went from campaign document to legislative writ. The New Deal was improvisational and contradictory right from the start. † (Pitney, 1995) John J Pitney, JR. Associate professor of government at Claremont McKenna College. â€Å"The House GOP’s First Hundred Day compared badly with FDR’s. Although all the items in the Contract With America reached the House floor, only two of them became law before the hundredth day. By contrast, FDR signed bushels of bills during the Hundred Days of 1933. Crisis is the great lubricant of the legislative process, and the economic calamities of FDR’s early days briefly suspended Capitol Hill’s normal Friction. Government has become tangled in its own red tape. † (Pitney, 1995) The Author would like to point out, that there is hardly mention of the president of this time and then only to point out that he was left out of the loop. Apparently the House Speaker and the Republican majority in Congress decided they could upstage a Democratic President with a style of government by one of its own party example. As shown, none of the interviewees have lied, but it was entertaining to read just how much of the story a particular party adherent brings to light to prove his point of view. Clearly, the more is known of the story, the worse the scenario of the Contract With America sounds. We have just had a historical presidential election. If FDR started with having blacks, women and other minorities in high office, this country as a whole just elected a black man into the White house. In 1995 Congress took up FDR’s ideology but tried to upend the hierarchy. Since then the Country’s problems have just gotten worse. Again the cry has started and the president has taken up the challenge and stated publicly that he would use some of FDR’s strategies. Immediately the media, economists and scholars exploded with the similarities of the state of the country then and now, advice and warnings to the administration. We are closer to the FDR era state of the economy, the sharp rise in unemployment, the near collapse of the banking industry and the essential pessimism of the population. FDR’s overall message is less caution and more boldness. The congress will also have a democratic majority next year and one of the most liberal caucuses ever, which should facilitate cooperation by past experience. Together with the lubricant of crisis stated earlier should help (Schlesinger, 2009). Two other similarities are contributed to Barack Obama. He unusually charismatic person and is a great speaker, which should help him guide the general public through this crisis. He has surrounded himself with an experienced staff, headed by â€Å"101st Senator† Rouse. To get his agenda passed, he just needs to convince Congress to take some political risks (Drum, 2008). There is hardly any advice this Author can offer that has not already been offered by persons more qualified other than hope. Hope that lessons have been learned from history and similar situations. God knows this country has had most imaginable, and the Baker College Corporate Services. (2016, Nov 23).

Allstate Insurance Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Allstate Insurance Company - Essay Example At the time, the initial public offering of Allstate was the largest in U.S. history. On June 30, 1995, it became a totally independent company after Sears divested its remaining shares to Sears stockholders. For more than 75 years, Allstate leaders, employees and agency owners have been passionate about leading positive change in this country. Serving as a consumer advocate - and an advocate for the American economy - is an integral part of Allstate's heritage. In the 1930s, Allstate was one of the first companies to create a sophisticated rate classification system, giving better rates to safe drivers; in the 1950s Allstate opened its first drive-in claim office, revolutionizing the way automobile claims are handled; in the 1960s the company helped convince the government to make seat belt use mandatory; in the 1970s and 1980s Allstate played an instrumental role in advocating the safety benefits of air bags; and in the 1990s and 2000s Allstate has continued to take a public stand on issues that are important to consumers. In 2007, Allstate reported $17.7 billion in total property-liability insurance claims and claims expense. The Allstate Foundation donated nearly $20.1 million to nonprofit organizations including $400,000 in scholarships. The Allstate Corporation, its employees and agents donated nearly $6.1 million through the Giving Campaign to nonprofit organizations.

Analyze the influences of internal politics in desired career path in Essay - 1

Analyze the influences of internal politics in desired career path in criminal justice - Essay Example I am able to implement several strategies in order to escape the cut through satisfying my boss with decent, high-quality work. To begin with, I have to be smart in everything I does. I have to demonstrate the level of my education and the significance of attaining a master’s degree in social work, psychology and criminal justice to complement my experience and advance in my career. The advantage I have is that several of the other probation officers hold bachelor’s degrees in associated fields therefore, with my masters; I am still in a good position to beat them and understand these probationers. Moreover, I also have to connect and share information with other professionals, which I may come across probably those that we did, masters degree together. Most of them are involved in community activity groups, social service programs, and even the family members of the probationers (Walker, 2001). Working with such people may help me get to understand new approaches for administering probationers. Besides, through spending additional time with other individuals in the life of the offender, I will be demonstrating that I have a stake in supporting and helping the offender get back to productivity. Afterwards, the offender will be more principled and predisposed to obey my rules and suggestions thus increasing the rate of my success and accomplishment. Throu gh such a strategy, it is difficult to be cut off because the outcome of my handwork will be evident and everyone will appreciate my success (Walker, 2001). Those are the most appropriate and professional way to manage the challenges posed to me by my

South African Economic Racism Essay Example for Free

South African Economic Racism Essay Throughout the course of the 19th and 20th century, economic considerations played a significant role in shaping both racial discrimination and concepts of white supremacy in South Africa. When large deposits of gold and diamonds were discovered in the latter half of the 19th century, the economic structure of southern Africa was dramatically altered. The mining industry necessitated vast amounts of inexpensive labor in order to be profitable. In the post South African War period, the necessity to return the Boers to self-rule without harming the mining industry resulted in a series of legislation that legalized racial discrimination to ensure a large and cheap labor force consisting of Africans. South Africa’s industrial revolution and the legislation passed during the period immediately following the South African War provided the economic bases of racial discrimination and white supremacy in South Africa. In 1868, the Kimberly diamond strike propelled South Africa to a position as a world leader in diamond production. Similarly, the discovery of large gold deposits in the 18th and 19th century also attracted both foreign capital investment and immigration. The rapidly growing mining industries required massive amounts of inexpensive labor in order to be profitable. Hundreds of thousands of African workers sought employment in the developing mines and cities in industrializing cities. In the face of this increased competition, white workers benefitted from racial discrimination because it protected them economically from competition with African workers. White business owners sought a large and cheap African workforce; racial discriminatory practices ensured they were cheap and pliable. In order to limit the bargaining power of African workers seeking higher wages and to ensure that none could flee in the face of harsh labor conditions, the British conquered the remaining independent African states, confiscated land, and imposed severe cash taxations during the 1880s and 1890s. This forced African labor that had previously chosen employment in the mining industry voluntarily to now do so under conditions set solely by the employers. In addition, a series of discriminatory practices were first introduced during this period including pass laws and urban ghettos, further ensuring the enforced cooperation and steady supply of cheap African labor. The industrial revolution in South Africa introduced a pressing need for incredible amounts of cheap labor. The introduction of racially  discriminatory practices sought to meet this need by ensuring the In the aftermath of the South African War in 1902, the mining industry saw a depression in the face of a severe labor short age. In response, South African capitalists and mining industry leaders worked with British imperial authorities to import massive amounts of Chinese laborers. Between 1902 and 1907, over one hundred thousand Chinese immigrated to South Africa. However, Afrikaners opposed this vehemently arguing that it should be a white man’s country and that this influx of labor represented a new competitive threat for potential jobs. In 1906, the Liberals come to power in Great Britain. Many had opposed the South African War and were now calling for the return of self-rule to the Boers without endangering the mining industry. Afrikaners would take the place of skilled and semi-skilled English laborers at lower wages while newly enacted policies would force greater numbers of Africans to unskilled labor. The 1911 Mines and Works Act restricted African employment to menial and unskilled jobs, excluding them from most skilled categories of work. In effect, it legislated a racial hierarchy in the workplace and extended the practice throughout the South African economy beyond the mining industry. Furthermore, the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 restricted African rights to organize or to negotiate their terms of employment. In 1913, the Natives’ Land Act was enacted, restricting African ownership of land to designated areas comprising roughly 7 percent of the South Africa’s total land area and restricting Africans from establishing any businesses outside of this allocated space. In addition, the land partitioned for Africans was often of poor quality and could not possibly support its population. Thus, the law effectively prevented Africans from leading self-sufficient lives in rural communities. They were increasingly forced to work on Afrikaner owned farms, factories, and mines. In addition, restrictions on their movement and the right to reside in urban areas combined with the inability for rural areas to support significant numbers of Africans resulted in an endless system of migrant unskilled labor. Economic interests and considerations significantly in fluenced the segregation policies adopted in South Africa during the 19th and 20th centuries. The necessity of a cheap and controllable labor source resulted in harsh racially discriminatory policies and the rise of white supremacy. In 1944, the chairman of the Broederbond stressed the special role of  Afrikaners in a speech, â€Å"In every people in the world is embodied a Divine Idea and the task of each People is to build upon that Idea and to perfect it. So God created the Afrikaner People with a unique language, a unique philosophy of life, and their own history and tradition in order that they might fulfill a particular calling and destiny here in the southern corner of Africa. We must believe that God has called us to be servants of his righteousness in this place† (Clark and Worger, 32). Placing emphasis on divine support for their existence, their special place in the world, and righteous mission, this Afrikaner ideology can draw historical antecedents from the belief of Manifest Destiny in the United States in the 19th century and from the ethnic nationalist movement of Nazi Germany in the mid 20th century. This emphasis on the special Afrikaner identity heavily influenced Hendrik Verwoerd who se argument for apartheid centered on the inability for two cultures to achieve their ideal futures as each of their paths are unique. The intermingling of languages, traditions, and histories would be detrimental to both the Afrikaner and African peoples. These ideals of Afrikaner nationalism expressed in the quote draws historical antecedents back into the 19th century concept of Manifest Destiny. During the 19th century, Manifest Destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the North American continent due to the special virtues of the American people and through a special destiny that was divinely ordained. Similarly, the Broederbond chairman asserts the special role of the Afrikaner people and their divinely ordained origin. In addition, he argues for their expansion throughout southern Africa as both a divine calling and righteous mission. The ideas expressed in the quote by the Broederbond chairman also draw numerous parallels with the 20th century German nationalism found in Nazi Germany. Following his ascension to power in Germany, Hitler’s movement and theories resonated considerably in South Africa, particularly with the Purified National Party and the Broederbond. The Broederbond established a â€Å"voortrekker† movement for Afrikaner youth, arguably seen as analogous to the Hitler Youth . In 1938, the Ossewabrandwag was established on the model of Hitler’s national socialist movement. By the end of 1939, over three hundred thousand Afrikaners had sworn loyalty to the volk, or Afrikaner people. It sought to establish an Afrikaner controlled republic in South  Africa, by violent means if necessary. Additionally, in 1938, a centenary celebration of the Great Trek was organized that placed emphasis on the heroic struggle of the Afrikaners against British oppression. The articulation of this â€Å"sacred history† and of a struggle for survival sought to memorialize and legitimize the special place of the Afrikaner people. These sentiments are again arguably analogous to those found in the ethnic nationalist movement of Nazi Germany that stressed the special place in history of the Aryan race. In both Afrikaner nationalism and German nationalism, the nation has a mystical and divine quality. In addition, the Afrikaner and German people are also considered to possess certain special and unique characteristics such as language, culture, and history that transcend the individual and contribute to a national unity. The emphasis of a special and unique Afrikaner identity expressed in the quote by the Broederbond chairman in 1944 can be seen in Hendrik Verwoerd’s argument for apartheid in 1950. As the minister of native affairs in the first National Party government, Verwoerd met with African members of the Native Representative Council to explain his theory and justification of apartheid. Basing his argument in the concept of ethnic nationalism, he asserts that Afrikaner and African communities must be divorced in order for both parties to prosper. It is impossible for two distinct and unique peoples to achieve their ideal futures while intermingled because each has their own particular path and calling. Verwoerd argues that tension and conflict are inevitable in mixed societies. The mixing of languages, traditions, and cultures in South Africa are only detrimental to the development of both the Afrikaner and African people. Appealing to African leaders for their cooperation in installing an apartheid policy, Verwoerd states that, â€Å"Instead of striving after vague chimeras and trying to equal the European in an intermingled community with confused ideals and inevitable conflict, he can be a national figure helping to lead his own people along the road of peace and prosperity. He can help give the educated men and women of his people an opportunity to†¦fully realize their ambitions within their own sphere† (Clark and Worger, 141). His explanation of apartheid places a significant emphasis on the purity of a people’s descent and the continuation of this line as the key to secure an ideal future. Both Afrikaners and Africans can only truly realize their full potential within their own cultural and ethnic sphere.

Legislating Reproductive Rights: The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 :: Politics Political Research Papers

Legislating Reproductive Rights: The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 Abstract While no federal legislation currently exists limiting access to abortions in general, in 2003, the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act became the first piece of federal legislation to regulate a particular abortion method. This specific procedure, known in the medical community as intact dilation and extraction, is a procedure used to terminate late-term pregnancies and is sometimes the safest method of doing so. Since the ban’s enactment, it has been challenged and defeated in federal court three times due to its vague language which can be construed to encroach upon the fundamental right to abortion. Furthermore, the ban has been found to be an unconstitutional violation of established case law pertaining to specific abortion procedures due to its vague language and lack of a health exception to protect the woman’s well-being. This paper also presents research suggesting that the real intent of the ban is to erode the basic constitutional right to choose and that judg ments against the ban should be upheld. Introduction The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 claims to limit a specific abortion procedure known as intact dilation and extraction (D&X), which is sometimes the safest method for aborting late-term pregnancies. Many factors contribute to the need for late-term abortions and the consequences of denying abortion can be detrimental to a woman’s well-being. Restricting a specific procedure would limit safe options available to women and their doctors. Although the right to obtain an early abortion has been established as a fundamental liberty, this Act uses vague language that could extend to other forms of abortion performed earlier in a pregnancy and fails to include an exception to preserve the woman’s health. This paper will integrate previous decisions regarding abortion with an accurate description of the dilation and extraction procedure in order to demonstrate how the Act’s lack of clarity may result in its application to different procedures. As a result, it is a designed attempt to erode the rights of women. Women deserve the right to choose what happens to their bodies, especially when almost half of all unplanned pregnancies, about 1.31 million per year, are terminated by abortion (â€Å"Overview†). To attempt to ban a specific procedure using vague language may incidentally extend to constitutionally protected forms of abortion, consequentially impinging on our constitutional rights, disregarding pertinent case law and jeopardizing women’s well-being.

Doctoral Program in Organizational Management Essay

I believe that education and educating is a never ending knowledge sharing process. Every moment is a moment of truth to gain experience. I have had the opportunity of learning many key aspects of management in my graduation. My passion towards gaining expertise in organizational management and leadership increased in my previous academics. To learn indepth with more focus on my core areas of interest, I prefer to be with the industry and academic experts of well known institutions, who not only cement my concepts but open these theoretical ideas in practical means of implementation Organizational management is an unique area of academics and management field where we need to educate upon the practical experience of many business cases in real life. A doctoral program will open up many wakes of dimensions which otherwise cannot be shared. The doctoral program will provide me with time, space and expertise to explore the intricacies in drawing the excellence in the field. Using these resources I would like to investigate acceptable scholarly methodology to address applied and practical problems. My future Scholarly endeavors would address needs identified by problematic conditions in the field; and conversely, would be guided to research-based best practices. University of Phoenix is a pioneer in management education imparting competence among the management students before real time work experience in business environment. Thus Phoenix creates sets the ideology of students towards leading an organization right from the academics. Phoenix offers flexibility in the scheduling the learning hours and the learning centers at the reach of the students which provides ample opportunity to learn and leverage to the career path.

African American Studies paper Essay

The civil rights movement was a mass protest movement against racial segregation and discrimination in the southern states that came to a national eminence during the mid 1950’s. This movement can be said to be a â€Å"long time coming† for African slaves and their descendants to resist racial oppression, especially after the United States abolished slavery. Although, slaves were emancipated during the civil war & were then granted basic civil rights through the passing of the 14th amendment and 15th amendment they still struggled and suffered trying to get â€Å"equality† for the next hundred years. Throughout the period of time in which African Americans fought for equality, desegregation and racism, the United States made massive changes. Beginning with the Jim Crow Laws, the countless court cases and the vast impact on the Civil Rights leaders during this time period of trying to gain â€Å"equality† there were two sides to this fight. One side was through the nonviolent protest while the other side was more of an active resistance. The modern period of the civil rights movement can ultimately be divided into several phases. Each act of a protest first started off small and ultimately became big. The Brown vs. Board of Education demonstrated that the process of taking legal action strategy of the NAACP could challenge the legal foundations of southern. This thought or strategy would only work if blacks came together instead of individually trying to conquer. Therefore during the 1950’s and 1960’s the NAACP sponsored legal suits and social movement seeking social changes accompanied legislative lobbying. The primary phase of the black protest began on Page 2 December 1, 1955 when a woman named Rosa Parks, of Montgomery, Alabama, refused to give up her seat to a white bus rider. In the result of not giving her seat up she was defying a southern custom that required blacks to give seats toward the front of the buses to whites. Therefore by not giving up her seat she was then arrested and put in jail. When she was jailed a black community boycott of the city’s buses began. The boycott lasted more than a year, demonstrating the unity and determination of black residents. The well-known Martin Luther King, Jr. who was most famous for his â€Å"I have a dream† speech was the most active leader of this boycott. Although King and Parks were apart of the NAACP the Montgomery movement led to the creation in 1957 of a new organization called the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with King as the president. On February 1, 1960 four freshmen at North Carolina A&T College began a wave of sit-ins designed to end segregation at southern diners. These protest resulted in the new organization called the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. August 28th though was the climax of the civil rights movement. That was the day blacks did the March on Washington & Martin Luther King, Jr.gave his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. King with the help of many others helped bringing the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. After the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the last major racial protest would be the Selma to Montgomery march. Soon after the march Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965. By the late 1960’s there was a growth of a new organization with more of a radical approach, the organization was called the Black Panther Party. During the late half of the 1960’s there were a series of â€Å"riots†. Page 3 Supporters of black liberation saw civil rights reforms as an insufficient method because they did not address the problems faced by millions of poor blacks. Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X influenced the Black Nationalism group. After the 1960’s civil rights movement blacks witnessed both group of leaders, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. , assassinated. The mark these two men left behind did not fade away though. Despite the civil right’s gains of the 1960’s racial discrimination remained a significant factor in America. Even after President Johnson declared a war on poverty and Dr. King initiated a Poor People’s Campaign in 1968, the distribution of the nation’s wealth and income moved toward greater inequality during the 70’s and 80’s. Some advantages of the Civil Right’s & Black Power movement was that ethnic minorities gained rights that should not have been denied to them on the basis of skin color. The common law did not provide satisfactory protection of basic human rights for the future of the community. The civil rights movement ensured that rights are protected and courts require a clear direction about what rights should be protected. The con about the civil rights movement was that the increase of litigation in the courts would give excessive power to the judiciary rights. Earlier in the essay I referenced the different movements but what I didn’t mention was that both groups took different strives to achieve their goals. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference took more of a non-violent approach to reach their goals according to the â€Å"Southern Christian Leadership Conference† website. While King and his group was more of a non-violent group, the Page 4. Black Nationalism and Malcolm X were more radical. Malcolm X had coined the phrase â€Å"by any means necessary† which meant he wanted to achieve equal rights at any length of sacrifice. Even though Malcolm X said, â€Å"by any means necessary† according to Dr. Stephanie L. McKinney he only used violence as a â€Å"self defense†. Martin Luther King Jr. on the other hand realized that nonviolent tactics was the way to go. Ultimately both leaders pursued the same goal and both achieved it. As you can see in the paragraphs above both Martin Luther King Jr.and Malcolm X had two different approaches to gain equality but I support Martin Luther King Jr. ways of gaining equality more than Malcolm X’s. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the few people who lived up to what he preached. Martin Luther King Jr. sold out to his cause, was passionate about his mission, and connected with the audience. Malcolm X’s radical movement was the reason why I couldn’t side with him. I respect Malcolm X but disagree with any view that encourages violence. King wanted change with his voice, which in my opinion is the strongest tool for someone, who doesn’t support violence. If you think about it physical punishment is dealt to one person and everyone else doesn’t necessarily feel the pain but words can be felt through everyone who’s listening. Just like many other movements and eras the Civil Rights & Black Power movement started, climaxed, then faded. Although, this era influenced many generations that came later and many people still benefit from the efforts of the Civil Rights leaders such as Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. , & Malcolm X. Some former civil rights activists, such as John Lewis, Andrew Young, and Jesse Jackson, launched Page 5 careers in electoral politics. American civil rights legislation of the 1960s became the center for affirmative action programs that increased opportunities for many black students and workers as well as for women, disabled people, and other victims of discrimination. However, civil rights issues continued to stimulate protests, particularly when previous gains appeared to be threatened. Overall, the 20th-century struggle for civil rights produced an enduring transformation of the legal status of African Americans and other victims of discrimination. It also increased the responsibility of the government to enforce civil rights laws. APA Citations Page 54h. Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam. (n. d. ). Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam [ushistory. org]. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www. ushistory. org/us/54h. asp From Black Revolution to â€Å"Radical Humanism†: Malcolm X between Biography and International History. (n. d. ). Home. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from http://www. humanityjournal. org/humanity-volume-3-issue-2/black-revolution-radical-humanism-malcolm-x-between-biography-and-internat. McKinney, S. (n. d. ). Malcolm X. About. com 20th Century History. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from http://history1900s. about. com/od/people/a/Malcolm-X. htm Nonviolent Resistance. (n. d. ). Nonviolent Resistance. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from http://mlk-kpp01. stanford. edu/index. php/encyclopedia/ Southern Christian Leadership Conference. (n. d. ). Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/southern_christian_leadership_co. htm.